Cultural experience tourist motives dimensionality : a cross-cultural study

This empirical research of tourists&rsquo; cultural experiences aims to advance theory by developing a measurement model of tourists&rsquo; motives towards attending cultural experiences for samples of Western and Asian tourists visiting Melbourne, Australia. Drawing upon Iso-Ahola&rsquo;s (1989) seeking/avoiding dichotomy theory for tourist motivation dimensions, the hypothesized dimensions primarily included escape and seeking-related dimensions, and some hedonic dimensions because of their relevance to aesthetic products (Hirschman &amp; Holbrook, 1982; Holbrook &amp; Hirschman, 1982), which are the context for this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to crossvalidate the underlying dimensionality structure of cultural experience motives. A four-factor model was extracted from the EFA consistent with some theoretical formulations and was retained in the CFA. Specific cultural language group differences for the motive dimensions were also hypothesized between Western and Asian tourist samples, and within the Chinese- and Japanese-speaking Asian tourist samples, but not within the different cultural groups of English-speaking Western tourists. These cross-cultural hypotheses were tested for the motive dimension measurement model using invariance testing in CFA. The findings for the motive dimensions differing by cultural group were not as expected. Significant cultural differences between Western and Asian tourists were not found, but a new finding of this study was significant differences between English-speaking tourists in their motives for attending cultural experiences. Marketing implications of these findings are also presented.<br /

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING DEVELOPING PUBLISHING BUSINESS / TARPTAUTINIS MARKETINGAS PLĖTOJANT LEIDYBOS VERSLĄ

Lithuanian integration in the financial Eurozone and Lithuanian publishing business development in the European Union and outside it, becomes an important problem requiring a solution. Promoting the dissemination of printed books and literacy in Lithuania and beyond, to properly introduce the achievements of Lithuania in foreign countries, it is important to ensure Lithuanian letter, educational and scientific book publishing development. The article examines the characteristics of the international marketing publishing, the world and Lithuanian state publishing houses on the basis of foreign and Lithuanian scientists theoretical insights about the instruments of international marketing opportunities, developing proposals for publishing business integration of new economic conditions. Santrauka  Lietuvai integruojantis į finansinę euro zoną, Lietuvos leidybos verslo plėtra Europos Sąjungoje bei už jos ribų tampa svarbia problema, kurią reikia spręsti. Skatinant spausdintų knygų sklaidą ir raštingumą Lietuvoje bei už jos ribų, siekiant tinkamai pristatyti Lietuvos pasiekimus užsienio šalyse, svarbu užtikrinti Lietuvos rašto, švietimo ir mokslo knygų leidybos plėtrą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos leidybos verslo ypatybės, pasaulio bei Lietuvos leidyklų būklė, remiantis užsienio ir Lietuvos mokslininkų teorinėmis įžvalgomis apie tarptautinio marketingo instrumentų panaudojimo galimybes, pateikti siūlymai dėl leidybos verslo plėtros naujomis ekonominės integracijos sąlygomis. Raktiniai žodžiai: leidybos verslas, tarptautinis marketingas, tarptautinis verslas, leidybos marketingas

Fostering longevity attitudes in women expatriates: the role of general and targeted types of organizational support

Although organizational support has long been considered a cornerstone of expatriate success, more research is needed to understand how different types of support affect the career outcomes of women expatriates. We draw on strategic human resource management theory to show that organizations interested in gaining or maintaining a strategic competitive advantage should attend to the under-representation of women expatriates. We posit that general (i.e. perceived organizational support [POS]) and targeted (i.e. organizational cultural intelligence [OCQ], family-supportive work perceptions [FSOP]) support perceptions can foster a strategic advantage by addressing the barriers barring women from expatriate assignments. We use two samples to test a model wherein general and targeted support perceptions increase three longevity attitudes (i.e. commitment, career satisfaction, and community embeddedness) through adjustment. Results showed that POS did not significantly increase adjustment and subsequent longevity attitudes for men or women. Then, OCQ aided male employees’ adjustment (as did FSOP to a lesser degree), leading to heightened commitment, career satisfaction, and community embeddedness. Women, in contrast, were aided by FSOP, but not OCQ