Maternal morbidity in emergency lower segment cesarean section

Background: With a steep fall in maternal mortality and morbidity and with much more liberalization of indications, the incidence of cesarean section rate has greatly increased over the last thirty years and almost doubled in the current decade. The objective of this study was to study incidence of maternal morbidity in emergency lower segment cesarean section.Methods: Hospital based prospective study was carried out among 200 women undergoing emergency lower segment cesarean section. Data relating to demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, maternal and fetal indications, incidence of morbidity, and types of morbidities, Intra operative complications, and Post operative complications was noted down. Chi square and odds ratio was used for statistical analysis.Results: The incidence of LSCS was 24.21%. Incidence of emergency LSCS was 96.74%. 71% were having primary LSCS and 20.5% were booked cases. The most common maternal indication for emergency LSCS was pregnancy induced hypertension and eclampsia in 32.5% of the cases. The most common fetal indication for emergency LSCS was fetal distress in 60%. Incidence of morbidity was 35% and it was associated with booking status, parity and social class. Incidence of intraoperative complications was 23.5%. Majority (18.5%) developed febrile morbidity followed by wound sepsis in 12.5%, urinary tract infection in 8%, mastitis in 7.5%, respiratory tract infection in 7%, wound gaping in 4%, paralytic ileus in 3%, endometritis in 2.5%, postpartum hemorrhage in 1.5%, 2 cases of burst abdomen and one case of small bowel obstruction.Conclusions: Emergency LSCS was more common than elective LSCS and it was associated with booking status, parity and social class

Uncommon presentation of a ganglionic cyst: a case study of intra muscular ganglion cyst of rectus femoris

Ganglionic cyst most commonly occurs in hand and wrist. When it presents in uncommon location like in lower limb, it causes a diagnostic dilemma. One such case is ours, an uncommon presentation of intra muscular cystic ganglion of rectus femoris. Due to its unlikely presentation in rectus femoris, diagnosis and management was delayed. A 12 years old boy presented with complaints of pain and swelling over left lower limb in suprapatellar region. On radiographic and ultrasound examination, swelling was found to be cystic lesion in rectus femoris. Histopathological examination of biopsied specimen was found to be intra muscular ganglion cyst of rectus femoris. The patient’s general condition improved with betterment in laboratory parameters, resolution of the lesion, without any sequelae, no residual deformity and excellent clinical outcome. To consider cystic ganglion as differential diagnosis, along with intra muscular myxoma, lipoma and synovial cyst in patients with lower limb intra muscular swelling

CYTOTOXICITY AND APOPTOTIC INDUCIBILITY OF HYDRO-ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AERIAL PARTS OF POTHOS SCANDENS L. AGAINST MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL LINE

Objective: To investigate the ability of 50% hydro-ethanolic extract of Pothos scandens (P. scandens) to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines.Methods: Aerial parts of P. scandens were extracted with 50% ethanol. The crude extract obtained was evaluated for its ability to induce cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and L929 (normal fibroblast) cell lines by MTT (3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The ability to induce apoptosis was determined by acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) double staining method. The above activity was confirmed using the comet assay.Results: The study revealed that the plant extract showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines with an IC50 of 90.18±5.20 µg/ml. Further it was also found that the cell death of MCF-7 treated with crude extract was due to the induction of apoptosis, which was ascertained by comet assay.Conclusion: The study provides scientific evidence for the anticancer activity of extracts of P. scandens paving a way to further research of using this plant in the development of the novel anticancer drug.Keywords: P. scandens, MCF-7, L929, MTT assay, Apoptosis, Comet assa

PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AERIAL PARTS OF POTHOS SCANDENS L.

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging activity of 50% hydro-ethanolicextract of Pothos scandens L.Methods: To evaluate the total phenolics, alkaloid, and flavonoid content of 50% hydro-ethanolic extract of P. scandens and also to assess the antioxidantand free radical (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazine radicals, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, and nitric oxide radical) scavenging activity, inhibitionof lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total antioxidant activity of the plant extract. All experiments were performed in triplicate (n=3), and the results wereexpressed as mean±stanadard deviation.Results: The result indicated that the plant contained more amounts of total phenolic content, followed by alkaloid and flavonoid content. The plantextracts showed effective radical scavenging activity and showed pronounced inhibitory action against LPO.Conclusion: The study concluded that 50% ethanolic extract of P. scandens L. has showed the significant antioxidant property. This extract cantherefore be used to screen its potential activities against many diseases which are caused by free radicals.Keywords: Pothos scandens L., 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazine, Total phenolics

Secure Communication Model for Dynamic Task Offloading in Multi-Cloud Environment

As the data is increasing day-by-day, the mobile device storage space is not sufficient to store the complete information and also the computation capacity also is a limited resource which is not sufficient for performing all the required computations. Hence, cloud computing technology is used to overcome these limitations of the mobile device. But security is the main concern in the cloud server. Hence, secure communication model for dynamic task offloading in multi-cloud environment is proposed in this paper. Cloudlet also is used in this model. Triple DES with 2 keys is used during the communication process between the mobile device and cloudlet. Triple DES with 3 keys is used by the cloudlet while offloading the data to cloud server. AES is used by the mobile device while offloading the data to the cloud server. Computation time, communication time, average running time, and energy consumed by the mobile device are the parameters which are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, SCM_DTO. The performance of the proposed system, SCM_DTO is compared with ECDH-SAHE and is proved to be performing better

Poly-alphabetic Symmetric Key Algorithm Using Randomized Prime Numbers

Abstract- Cryptography is an art and science. It is a playing major role in information and security division. The main aim of the cryptography is protecting the data from unauthorized users or hackers. “Cryptography is subject contains two parts one is encryption and another one decryption. Encryption is a process converting the plain text to cipher text using some keys. Decryption is a process of converting the cipher text to plain text using the keys”. There are several algorithms in cryptography to encode and decode the data based on the key. This paper discusses types of cryptography and different keys in cryptography. The paper can give brief description about symmetric key algorithms and we are proposing new algorithm in symmetric key cryptography. The proposed algorithm contains two levels of Exclusive OR (XOR) operation. This algorithm is useful in transmission of messages and data between one user and another. situation the both parties use the additional key, which is common to both parties. First they will do the encryption or decryption with the same key, and again do the encryption or decryption with their own key. Example for public key algorithms is RSA, Diffie Hellman key exchange protocol. B. Symmetric key algorithms Symmetric algorithms is also called as secrete key algorithms. In secrete key algorithms both parties (Sender, Receiver) will use the same key to encrypt or decrypt the data. Example for symmetric key algorithms is DES, AES, Triple DES, and Blowfish

Medicinal properties of some Dendrobium orchids – A review

 Orchids are known for their aesthetic qualities, and they are often used as decorative items in homes, offices, and public places. While most people admire them for their good looks, others have found practical uses for them. Since a long time ago, people from various parts of the world have used orchids for medicinal purposes. However, the use of orchids in medicine has declined over the years because not enough research has been done to determine their effectiveness and adverse effects

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy but not standard therapy is associated with resolution of erosion in the sacroiliac joints of patients with axial spondyloarthritis

INTRODUCTION: Radiography is an unreliable and insensitive tool for the assessment of structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects a wider spectrum of structural lesions but has undergone minimal validation in prospective studies. The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Structural Score (SSS) assesses a spectrum of structural lesions (erosion, fat metaplasia, backfill, ankylosis) and its potential to discriminate between therapies requires evaluation. METHODS: The SSS score assesses five consecutive coronal slices through the cartilaginous portion of the joint on T1-weighted sequences starting from the transitional slice between cartilaginous and ligamentous portions of the joint. Lesions are scored dichotomously (present/absent) in SIJ quadrants (fat metaplasia, erosion) or halves (backfill, ankylosis). Two readers independently scored 147 pairs (baseline, 2 years) of scans from a prospective cohort of patients with SpA who received either standard (n = 69) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor (n = 78) therapy. Smallest detectable change (SDC) was calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discrimination was assessed using Guyatt’s effect size, and treatment group differences were assessed using t-tests and the Mann–Whitney test. We identified baseline demographic and structural damage variables associated with change in SSS score by univariate analysis and analyzed the effect of treatment by multivariate stepwise regression adjusted for severity of baseline structural damage and demographic variables. RESULTS: A significant increase in mean SSS score for fat metaplasia (P = 0.017) and decrease in mean SSS score for erosion (P = 0.017) was noted in anti-TNFα treated patients compared to those on standard therapy. Effect size for this change in SSS fat metaplasia and erosion score was moderate (0.5 and 0.6, respectively). Treatment and baseline SSS score for erosion were independently associated with change in SSS erosion score (β = 1.75, P = 0.003 and β = 0.40, P < 0.0001, respectively). Change in ASDAS (β = −0.46, P = 0.006), SPARCC MRI SIJ inflammation (β = −0.077, P = 0.019), and baseline SSS score for fat metaplasia (β = 0.085, P = 0.034) were independently associated with new fat metaplasia. CONCLUSION: The SPARCC SSS method for assessment of structural lesions has discriminative capacity in demonstrating significantly greater reduction in erosion and new fat metaplasia in patients receiving anti-TNFα therapy

Structure and Reactivity of Halogenated GC PNA Base Pairs – A DFT Approach

The present study explored the structural and reactivity relationship of halogenated G-C PNA base pairs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The halogens such as F, Cl, and Br are substituted by replacing H atoms involved in H-bonds of the base pairs. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-311++G** theory level, and positive frequencies confirmed their equilibrium states. To understand the structural variations of the considered halogenated systems, the bond distances of R─X, R─H, and X/H•••Y and the bond angles of R─X•••Y were analyzed. The obtained structural parameters and interaction energies are comparable with the previous theoretical reports. In addition, the interaction energies (Eint) and quantum molecular descriptors (QMD) are also calculated to understand the difference between halogenated PNA systems and their non-halogenated counterparts. In this study, the enhancement in the reactivity properties &nbsp;of halogenated PNA systems has been demonstrated, which indicates their improved responsive characteristics in various chemical reactions. Based on the available results, the halogenated PNA systems, carefully considering their substitutional position, facilitate better accommodation for the triplex formation of dsDNA/dsRNA. Therefore, it is concluded that the improved reactivity properties of halogenated PNA base pairs would make them potential candidates for various biological applications

N-terminal PDZ-like domain of chromatin organizer SATB1 contributes towards its function as transcription regulator

The special AT-rich DNA-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a matrix attachment region (MAR)-binding protein that acts as a global repressor via recruitment of CtBP1:HDAC1-containing co-repressors to its binding targets. The N-terminal PSD95/Dlg-A/ZO-1 (PDZ)-like domain of SATB1 mediates interactions with several chromatin proteins. In the present study, we set out to address whether the PDZ-domain-mediated interactions of SATB1 are critical for its in vivo function as a global repressor. We reasoned that since the N-terminal PDZ-like domain (amino acid residues 1-204) lacks DNA binding activity, it would fail to recruit the interacting partners of SATB1 to its genomic binding sites and hence would not repress the SATB1-regulated genes. Indeed, in vivo MAR-linked luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of the PDZ-like domain resulted in de-repression, indicating that the PDZ-like domain exerts a dominant negative effect on genes regulated by SATB1. Next, we developed a stable dominant negative model in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells that conditionally expressed the N-terminal 1-204 region harbouring the PDZ-like domain of SATB1. To monitor the effect of sequestration of the interaction partners on the global gene regulation by SATB1, transcripts from the induced and uninduced clones were subjected to gene expression profiling. Clustering of expression data revealed that 600 out of 19000 genes analysed were significantly upregulated upon overexpression of the PDZ-like domain. Induced genes were found to be involved in important signalling cascades and cellular functions. These studies clearly demonstrated the role of PDZ domain of SATB1 in global gene regulation presumably through its interaction with other cellular proteins