Effect of Mn-substituted SnO2 particle toward photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

SnO2 and Mn-doped SnO2 were successfully prepared by wet chemical synthetic route. The understanding of substituted Mn into SnO2 leads to transfer the energy band gap by small amount of metal dopant. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction were used to determine chemical bonding and crystal structure, respectively. It showed that small amount of Mn can be completely substituted into SnO2 lattice. 40% wt of Mn was completely substituted. EDX was used to confirm the existence of Mn-doped SnO2. Scanning electron microscope revealed that their particles exhibits blocky particle with irregular sharp. The efficiency of SnO2 and Mn-doped SnO2 was investigated on the photocatalytic activity on methylene blue degradation for 4 h. The photocatalytic activity of SnO2 and Mn-doped SnO2 exhibited the excellent performance in wastewater treatment in textile industry. Keywords: SnO2, Mn-doped SnO2, Photocatalytic, Methylene blu

Synthesis of three-dimensional hierarchical CuO flower-like architecture and its photocatalytic activity for rhodamine b degradation

The flower-like CuO materials with a good uniformity were successfully synthesized by the self-assembly method. By using pH ranging from 7 to 9, CuO provided different morphologies. X-ray diffraction ̣(XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the purity and uniformity of the CuO particles, respectively. The particles show flower-like structures composed of CuO nano-sheets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the uniformity of nanosheet-like CuO particles with lattice dimensions of 0.2–0.4 nm. In a preliminary experiment, the rhodamine b degradation was observed by using CuO as a photocatalyst. These semiconducting particles were found to enhance the degradation of the azo dye within 240 min. It was remarkable to note that as-synthesized CuO particles from the self-assembly method provided a good uniformity in morphology. It also exhibited good and suitable properties to serve as a photocatalyst for rhodamine b degradation. Keywords: CuO, Self-assembly, Photocatalyst, Rhodamine

Hyperchloremia and moderate increase in serum chloride are associated with acute kidney injury in severe sepsis and septic shock patients

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury and hyperchloremia are commonly present in critically ill septic patients. Our study goal was to evaluate the association of hyperchloremia and acute kidney injury in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study in a provincial tertiary care hospital, adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and serum chloride measurements were included. Serum chloride was measured on a daily basis for 48 hours. Primary outcome was development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and association of AKI and serum chloride parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 240 patients were included in the study, 98 patients (40.8 %) had hyperchloremia. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was significantly higher in the hyperchloremia group (85.7 % vs 47.9 %; p < 0.001). Maximal chloride concentration in the first 48 hours ([Cl(-)](max)) was significantly associated with AKI. In multivariate analysis, [Cl(-)](max) was independently associated with AKI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for AKI = 1.28 (1.02–1.62); p = 0.037]. The increase in serum chloride (Δ[Cl(-)] = [Cl(-)](max) – initial chloride concentration) demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship with severity of AKI. The mean Δ[Cl(-)] in patients without AKI was 2.1 mmol/L while in the patients with AKI stage 1, 2 and 3 the mean Δ[Cl(-)] was 5.1, 5.9 and 6.7 mmol/L, respectively. A moderate increase in serum chloride (Δ[Cl(-)] ≥ 5 mmol/L) was associated with AKI [OR = 5.70 (3.00–10.82); p < 0.001], even in patients without hyperchloremia [OR = 8.25 (3.44–19.78); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperchloremia is common in severe sepsis and septic shock and independently associated with AKI. A moderate increase in serum chloride (Δ[Cl(-)] ≥5 mmol/L) is associated with AKI even in patients without hyperchloremia