318 research outputs found
Studies on gluon evolution and geometrical scaling in kinematic constrained unitarized BFKL equation: application to high-precision HERA DIS data
We suggest a modified form of a unitarized BFKL equation imposing the
so-called kinematic constraint on the gluon evolution in multi-Regge
kinematics. The underlying nonlinear effects on the gluon evolution are
investigated by solving the unitarized BFKL equation analytically. We obtain an
equation of the critical boundary between dilute and dense partonic system,
following a new differential geometric approach and sketch a phenomenological
insight on geometrical scaling. Later we illustrate the phenomenological
implication of our solution for unintegrated gluon distribution
towards exploring high precision HERA DIS data by theoretical prediction of
proton structure functions ( and ) as well as double differential
reduced cross section . The validity of our theory in the low
transition region is established by studying virtual photon-proton cross
section in light of HERA data
Role of serum CA 19-9 as a tumor marker in TCC bladder
Background: There is a dearth of reliable blood and urine markers for transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. CA 19-9 is a well-known marker for gastrointestinal malignancies and is being investigated for other malignancies including carcinoma bladder. In this prospective study, we evaluated the role of serum CA 19-9 as a tumor marker and correlated its level with tumor grade and stage.Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder and 69 healthy volunteers, as controls were included in the study. Preoperative blood sample was analysed for level of CA 19-9 using ELISA kit (normal - 0 U/ml to 37U/ml) and were correlated with grade and TNM stage of tumor.Results: The range of the control group is 2-38U/ml (mean: 17.67±9.68U/ml); TCC group is 1-94U/ml (mean: 37.12±31.52U/ml) (p=0.304). When CA 19-9 level >37IU/ml was taken as cut-off for a positive test, sensitivity of detecting T3 disease, T4 disease, MIBC, presence of node and high grade tumour were 80%, 75%, 70.3%, 78% and 57.8% respectively. However, there was a statistically significant increase in levels of CA19-9 in relation to higher grade (<0.001), presence of muscle invasion (<0.001), T stage (<0.001) and N stage (<0.001).Conclusions: Serum CA19-9 is almost invariably raised in patients with high grade and invasive disease. Thus, it has a place as a prognostic marker rather than as a diagnostic tool due to its low sensitivity for TCC bladder
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