STUDY CASE TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENYELENGGARAAN KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN GRATIS DENGAN BERBASIS E-KTP DI KABUPATEN MALAKA

Pelayanan kesehatan bagian dari hak mendasar untuk masyarakat di Indonesia, dimana   pelayanan   yang   dibutuhkan   harus   tersedia   dan dijaminkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Jaminan kesehatan adalah jaminan yang berupa jaminan  perlindungan kesehatan agar setiap peserta memperoleh manfaat dari pemeliharaan kesehatan serta perlindungan untuk memenuhi  kebutuhan  dasar  kesehatannya. Namun dalam menyediakan Jaminan kesehatan tersebut bagi masyarakat masih banyaknya masyarakat yang belum menjadi peserta dalam program jaminan kesehatan Nasional. Berdasarkan hal ini, oleh Bupati Malaka, dr. Stefanus Bria Seran, MPH dibuatlah suatu kebijakan program pelayanan kesehatan gratis berbasis e-KTP. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi tentang efektifitas penyelenggaraan kebijakan program pelayanan kesehatan gratis berbasis e-KTP di Puskesmas. Penelitian yang dibuat ini merupakan sebuah penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan pendekatan case study. Dengan Jumlah responden terdiri dari 8 orang yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kecukupan dan kesesuaian. Hasil penelitian bahwa tingkat efektifitas penyelenggaraan kebijakan program pelayanan kesehatan gratis berbasis e-KTP berjalan baik dan sangat efektif serta daya terima dan kepuasan masyarakat cukup tinggi

Self-Efficacy in The Hiv/Aids Preventive Behavior among Lesbians: A Phenomenology Study

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major global public health problem. Millions of people die every year due to HIV/AIDS. However, only 54% of people with HIV/¬AIDS who are aware of their status. The HIV/AIDS epidemic does not only affect the affected individuals but also households and the society as a whole. The incidence of HIV/AIDS among lesbians is still low, so that they are considered as a low-risk group. Nevertheless it is interesting to have an understanding on how this specific group behaves with respect to HIV/AIDS infection. This study aimed to assess the self-efficacy concept in the HIV/AIDS preventive behavior among lesbians in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: A qualitative study was conducted at Talita Kum Comunity, Surakarta, with phenomenology approach. The key informants were Head of Talita Kum lesbian community, their members, health workers, social workers from Non-Government Organization, and a representative from Regional Commission on AIDS Prevention (KPAD) in Surakarta. The study theme was self-efficacy concept in the HIV/AIDS preventive behavior. The data were collected by indepth interview, observation, and document review. The data were analyzed by Miles and Huberman method. Results: Lesbians at Talita Kum community had considerably strong self-efficacy with positive expectation and strong outcome expectancy. Based on Bandura’s four sources of efficacy beliefs, i.e. mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, emotional and physiological states, we found that mastery experience and verbal persuasion were the strongest factors that increased self-efficacy among lesbians at Talita Kum Community. However, they were not capitalizing this self-efficacy into HIV/AIDS preventive behavior such as doing medical check-up and health screening. Some factors might have hampered the realization of the expected preventive behavior, including violence and verbal abuse, desire for anonimity, and “zero risk” perception of HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Self-efficacy is strong among lesbians at Talita Kum community, but it does not necessarilly translate into actual HIV/AIDS preventive behavior. There is a need to provide health promotion intervention to this community so as to encourage them to practice HIV/AIDS preventive behavior. Keywords: lesbian, self-efficacy, preventive behavior, HIV/AIDS

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL ON PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING HIV/AIDS PREVENTION BEHAVIOR ON LESBIAN COMMUNITY IN SURAKARTA

Background: HIV/AIDS keeps on becoming a global problem. Even though there are some scientific breakthroughs on the disease and how to prevent, most people are still under the risk to contract it. The number of HIV/AIDS incidences on lesbian is still low, up to the point of considering them as low risk. This study aimed to analyze Health Belief Model on the psychosocial factors that influence HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in lesbian community in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic qualitative study with phenomenology approach, conducted at Talita Kum Community, Surakarta. Key informant in this study was the Head of Talita Kum Community, with their members as main informants, and supporting informants from the health workers, Non-Government Organization and Regional Commission on AIDS Prevention (KPAD), selected by purposive and snowball sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interview, non-participating observation, and document review. The data were analyzed by Miles and Huberman method. Results: The lesbian community in Surakarta is quite knowledgeable on the HIV/AIDS concept. But they still did not have enough understanding of how to prevent it. This could be very beneficial to lessen the chance of HIV from spreading and evolving into AIDS. The study result stated that the lesbian community did not consider themselves to be on the risk. Therefore, they lack the preventing method. However, bisexual woman considered herself to be at high risk; therefore, she regularly conducted medical check-up. Conclusion: The knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk factors on lesbian have to be socialized so they could take the proper prevention steps. Keywords: lesbian, health belief model, psychosocial facto

Health Belief Model on Psychosocial Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS Prevention Behavior on Lesbian Community in Surakarta

Background: HIV/AIDS keeps on becoming a global problem. Even though there are some scientific breakthroughs on the disease and how to prevent, most people are still under the risk to contract it. The number of HIV/AIDS incidences on lesbian is still low, up to the point of considering them as low risk. This study was aimed to analyze Health Belief Model on the psychosocial factors that influence HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in lesbian community in Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic qualitative study with phenomenology approach, conducted at Talita Kum Community, Surakarta. Key informant in this study was the Head of Talita Kum Community, with their members as main informants, and supporting informants from the health workers, Non-Government Organization and Regional Commission on AIDS Prevention (KPAD), selected by purposive and snowball sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interview, non-participating observation, and document review. The data were analyzed by Miles and Huberman method.Results: The lesbian community in Surakarta is quite knowledgeable on the HIV/AIDS concept. But they still did not have enough understanding of how to prevent it. This could be very beneficial to lessen the chance of HIV from spreading and evolving into AIDS. The study result stated that the lesbian community did not consider themselves to be on the risk. Therefore, they lack the preventing method. However, bisexual woman considered herself to be at high risk; therefore, she regularly conducted medical check-up.Conclusion: The knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk factors on lesbian have to be socialized so they could take the proper prevention steps.Keywords: lesbian, health belief model, psychosocial factorCorrespondence: Maria Paula Marla Nahak. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282328282282.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(1):15-26https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.01.0

Potential applications of nanotechnology in thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass

The rapid decrease in fossil reserves has significantly increased the demand of renewable and sustainable energy fuel resources. Fluctuating fuel prices and significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels have been key impediments associated with the production and utilization of nonrenewable fossil fuels. This has resulted in escalating interests to develop new and improve inexpensive carbon neutral energy technologies to meet future demands. Various process options to produce a variety of biofuels including biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio-oil, and biogas have been explored as an alternative to fossil fuels. The renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic nature of biofuels make them appealing as alternative fuels. Biofuels can be produced from various renewable resources. Among these renewable resources, algae appear to be promising in delivering sustainable energy options. Algae have a high carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing efficiency, rapid growth rate, high biomass productivity, and the ability to grow in non-potable water. For algal biomass, the two main conversion pathways used to produce biofuel include biochemical and thermochemical conversions. Algal biofuel production is, however, challenged with process scalability for high conversion rates and high energy demands for biomass harvesting. This affects the viable achievement of industrial-scale bioprocess conversion under optimum economy. Although algal biofuels have the potential to provide a sustainable fuel for future, active research aimed at improving upstream and downstream technologies is critical. New technologies and improved systems focused on photobioreactor design, cultivation optimization, culture dewatering, and biofuel production are required to minimize the drawbacks associated with existing methods. Nanotechnology has the potential to address some of the upstream and downstream challenges associated with the development of algal biofuels. It can be applied to improve system design, cultivation, dewatering, biomass characterization, and biofuel conversion. This chapter discusses thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass with recent advances in the application of nanotechnology to enhance the development of biofuels from algae. Nanotechnology has proven to improve the performance of existing technologies used in thermochemical treatment and conversion of biomass. The different bioprocess aspects, such as reactor design and operation, analytical techniques, and experimental validation of kinetic studies, to provide insights into the application of nanotechnology for enhanced algal biofuel production are addressed

Evaluation of a GCM in seasonal forecasting of extreme rainfall events over continental India

In recent decades, vulnerability to disasters due to Extreme Rainfall Events (ERE) has increased manifold over continental India during the south west monsoon season. It is a very important and challenging task for the advanced forecasting of such EREs on seasonal time scales which will provide enough lead time for the disaster management, smart agricultural practice and pro-active health care for example. Researchers around the world are looking at ways to improve the skill and reliability of forecasts of EREs on a range of time scales from daily to seasonal and General Circulation Models (GCMs) are now widely used to forecast EREs on a seasonal time scale. In the present study, a variable resolution general circulation model (VRGCM) is being configured and evaluated for the seasonal prediction of the number of EREs in three different categories depending upon the threshold of daily rainfall over the continental India during the monsoon (JJA) season for 16 years (i.e. 1998–2013). The skill of model prediction is evaluated by validating the simulated ERE counts with the high resolution gridded rainfall data available from the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The spatio-temporal analysis, seasonal cycle and the Interannual variability of the of EREs over continental India using GCM simulation and IMD observations shows good agreement and the model configuration has potential skill for the simulation of EREs in seasonal prediction mode and the present results provide the application of VRGCM for seamless prediction of EREs over India. Keywords: Extreme rainfall events, General circulation model, IMD, Rain category, Seasonal predictio

Effect of seasons on semen production, effect of melatonin on the liquid storage (5 °C) with correlated study of birth rate in mithun (Bos frontalis)

Objective: To assess the effect of melatonin (MT) at different seasons of the year on sperm motility, viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosomal membrane, plasma membrane and nuclear integrity, antioxidant profiles such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), enzymatic profiles such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and biochemical profiles such as malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Methods: Total numbers of 80 ejaculates (20 ejaculates in each season) were collected twice a week from mithun bulls and semen was split into five equal aliquots, diluted with the tris egg yolk citrate (TEYC) extender. Group 1: semen without additives (control), group 2 to group 5: semen was diluted with 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM of melatonin, respectively. These seminal parameters, antioxidant, enzymatic and biochemical profiles were assessed at liquid storage of mithun semen (5 °C). Simultaneously, retrospective study was conducted on birth rate of calf at different seasons from 2002 to 2012 from farm birth register of mithun farm. Results: Inclusion of melatonin into diluent resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities at different seasons of the year as compared with control group. Additionally, spring season has highest seminal and antioxidant profiles followed by autumn and winter season, whereas lower values were observed in ejaculates collected from summer season. Similarly retrospective study revealed that highest birth rate was in winter followed by autumn, spring and summer season and breeding was occurred in spring, winter, summer and autumn season, respectively with gestation period of 270–290 days. Conclusions: The result of present study indicates that the melatonin protects seminal and antioxidant profiles varied in different seasons, semen quality also varied from different seasons and was highest in spring and lowest in summer season. It was concluded from the present study that breeding takes place throughout year but the peak breeding season is from November to April (spring and winter season) in mithun

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Not AvailableObjective: To assess the effect of melatonin (MT) at different seasons of the year on sperm motility, viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosomal membrane, plasma membrane and nuclear integrity, antioxidant profiles such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), enzymatic profiles such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and biochemical profiles such as malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Methods: Total numbers of 80 ejaculates (20 ejaculates in each season) were collected twice a week from mithun bulls and semen was split into five equal aliquots, diluted with the tris egg yolk citrate (TEYC) extender. Group 1: semen without additives (control), group 2 to group 5: semen was diluted with 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM of melatonin, respectively. These seminal parameters, antioxidant, enzymatic and biochemical profiles were assessed at liquid storage of mithun semen (5 oC). Simultaneously, retrospective study was conducted on birth rate of calf at different seasons from 2002 to 2012 from farm birth register of mithun farm. Results: Inclusion of melatonin into diluent resulted in significant (P)Not Availabl