Complex Solitary Waves and Soliton Trains in KdV and mKdV Equations

We demonstrate the existence of complex solitary wave and periodic solutions of the Kortweg de-vries (KdV) and modified Kortweg de-Vries (mKdV) equations. The solutions of the KdV (mKdV) equation appear in complex-conjugate pairs and are even (odd) under the simultaneous actions of parity ($\cal{P}$) and time-reversal ($\cal{T}$) operations. The corresponding localized solitons are hydrodynamic analogs of Bloch soliton in magnetic system, with asymptotically vanishing intensity. The $\cal{PT}$-odd complex soliton solution is shown to be iso-spectrally connected to the fundamental $sech^2$ solution through supersymmetry

Study of A Delayed SIVA Within-Host Model of Dengue Virus Transmission

During the process of immune response to the infection caused by dengue virus, antibodies are generated by plasma cells which are produced by B-cells. In some cases, it is observed that there is a delay in the production of plasma cells from B-cells which causes a delay in the immune response. We propose a SIVA within-host model of the virus transmission with delayed immune response to articulate the dynamics of the cell and virus population. The stability analysis of different equilibrium states is also studied. The basic reproduction number (BRN) of the model is computed using next generation matrix (NGM) method. The local stability analysis is discussed using the method of linearisation. The stability conditions of the equilibrium states are validated using the Li´enard - Chipart criterion. Hopf bifurcation analysis is carried out as the system has time lag in the immune response. Three equilibrium states, namely, virus free equilibrium state, endemic equilibrium state with and without immune response, have been observed. It has been found that the virus free equilibrium state is locally asymptotically stable if BRN is less than or equal to 1. Additionally, the conditions for the stability of the endemic equilibrium points are derived and elaborated. Numerical simulations for different values of time delay parameter τ are presented and illustrated using graphs. A Hopf bifurcation is observed if the delay parameter τ crosses a threshold value and then the system becomes unstable with periodic solution. To determine the relative importance of the model parameters to the virus transmission and prevalence, sensitivity analysis of the parameters is illustrated using graphs. Due to the time lag in the immune response, an increase in the virus growth is observed in large quantity. As a result, the infection spreads more quickly within the host

Inflation with a graceful exit and entrance driven by Hawking radiation

We present a model for cosmological inflation which has a natural "turn on" and a natural "turn off" mechanism. In our model inflation is driven by the Hawking-like radiation that occurs in Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time. This Hawking-like radiation results in an effective negative pressure "fluid" which leads to a rapid period of expansion in the very early Universe. As the Universe expands the FRW Hawking temperature decreases and the inflationary expansion turns off and makes a natural transition to the power law expansion of a radiation dominated universe. The "turn on" mechanism is more speculative, but is based on the common hypothesis that in a quantum theory of gravity at very high temperatures/high densities Hawking radiation will stop. Applying this speculation to the very early Universe implies that the Hawking-like radiation of the FRW space-time will be turned off and therefore the inflation driven by this radiation will turn off.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures revtex, matches PRD published versio

Post harvest crop processing machine

 Chaff is hay cut into small pieces for feeding to livestock.  Chaff can be carried by manually operated machine and electricity operated machine.  This paper presents experimental work executed for establishing mathematical model and simulation for chaff cutting operation establishment of mathematical model and its optimization.  Has been established for responses of the system such as instantaneous resistive torque (πD1), number of cuts (πD2) and process time (πD3).  Model for dependent term instantaneous resistive torque: πD1.  The models are:  Tc = 1.645×103 (π1)3.8074 (π2)0.5141 (π3)-0.4521 (π4)1.686 (π5)2.3237 (π6)0.8162 (π7)-0.4189 (π8)-0.3840.  Model for dependent term number of cut (C) πD2: πD2= 0.6449 (π1) 0.0001 (π2)-0.0146   (π3)0.3471 (π4) 1.0151 (π5)0.2781 (π6)0.1233 (π7)0.9701 (π8)0.4773.  Model for the dependent term process time, πD3: πD3 = 43.43 (π1)0.0001 (π2) 0.1753 (π3) 0.0012 (π4) 0.0001 (π5) 0.0505 (π6) 0.2508 (π7)1.0008 (π8) 0.0004.  This paper discusses about the applications for pedal power technology. Keywords: manually energized flywheel motor, spiral jaw clutch, fodder &nbsp

Formulation of experimental data based model for oil press using human powered flywheel motor as energy source

Human powered oil press extracts oil from oilseeds.  The extracted oil can be used for eating purpose or even in laboratories where one can take different tests on the oil.  A machine was fabricated which will perform this pressing operation not by electric power but by human power.  It is seen that human power is sufficient enough to be converted into work.  The evolution of oil press by using human power is a complex phenomenon.  There are many factors affecting the performance of oil press.  To study man-machine interaction and human fatigue in various agricultural tasks, AICRP on HESA (All India Coordinated Research Project on “Human Engineering and Safety in Agriculture”) (1996) started by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, used experimental approach.  As a result of the continuous variation of speed of the process unit input shaft, understanding of the phenomenon of execution of the process cannot be logic based.  Hence it is necessary to adopt application of Methodology of Experimentation to such a process for formulating experimental data based model.  Hence Theory of Experimentation, provided by H. Schenck Jr. was applied.  In this paper, an approximate generalized data based model for such a human powered oil press is developed by varying independent parameters during the experimentation. Subsequently the optimization of the model was established.  Thus the results of this experimental research would be useful to farmers or small scale entrepreneurs in the rural area, where there is 10 to 12 hours load sheding of electricity, especially in rural Maharashtra (India).  This technology will not only improve the socioeconomic condition of the rural population, but also reduce the gap between supply and demand of edible oils. Keywords: Human powered flywheel motor, energy, oilseed, oil press, dependent variables, and independent variables 

Secure Authentication Using Click Draw Based Graphical Password Scheme

Graphical passwords are an alternative to alphanumeric passwords in which users click on images to authenticate themselves rather than type alphanumeric strings. We have developed one such system, called Secure Authentication using Click Draw Based graphical password scheme, and evaluated it with human users. Secure Authentication using Click Draw Based graphical password scheme, including USAbility and security evaluations, and implementation considerations. An important USAbility goal for knowledge-based authentication systems is to support users in selecting passwords of higher security, in the sense of being from an expanded effective security pace. We use the sequence of multiple images along with a dummy image and alsoa pattern on any single image to influence user choice in click draw based graphical passwords, encouraging users to select more random, and hence more difficult to guess patterns

Experimental Investigation of Lobe Coupling for Formulation of an Approximate Generalized Experimental Data Based Model

This paper presents an approach to establish operational characteristics of ball joint-lobe type coupling by performing extensive experimentation. The experimentation must perform by changing independent physical quantities of the coupling over a wide range and response data is gathered. Based on the response data, the mathematical model is formulated correlating the responses in terms of independent variables. These models can be used as a design data for this coupling. Because of complexity in kinematics and dynamics of coupling, logic based modeling is difficult for this type of coupling. This type of coupling is mainly used in harvester. Thus, this research outcome is useful in the design of mechanical transmission system of harvester. An emphasis is laid on the study of response of the coupling towards the variation in misalignment