Interferometric testing of high-numerical-aperture convex surfaces

Interferometric tests of convex surfaces for large-N.A. lens systems often present problems. We show how such surfaces can be tested with a reference surface having a much smaller N.A. by making use of the aplanatic imaging properties of a spherical surface

Structure du temps de travail des infirmières de santé publique: effets de l'âge des patients, de la nature des prestations fournies et du lieu du contact. [Structure of work times of public health nurses: effect of the age of patients, nature of care given and location of contact].

In the framework of health services research sponsored by the Swiss National Science Foundation, a research was undertaken of the activity of the large majority of the public health nurses working in the Swiss cantons of Vaud and Fribourg (total population 700,000). During one week, 130 nurses gathered, with a specially devised instrument, data on 4165 patient visits. Studying the duration of the contacts, one has distinguished contact duration per se (DC), duration of the travel time preceding the contact (DD), and total duration in relation with the contact (DTC-addition of the first two). It was noted that the three durations increased significantly with patient age (as regard travel time, this is explained by the higher proportion of home visits in higher age groups, as compared with visits at a health center). Examined according to location of the visit, contact duration per se (without travel) is higher for visits at home and in nursing homes than for those taking place at a health center. Looked at in respect to the care given (technical care, or basic nursing care, or both simultaneously), our data show that the provision of basic nursing care (alone or with technical care) doubles contact duration (from 20 to 42-45'). The analyses according to patient age shows that, at an advanced age (beyond 80 years particularly), there is an important increase of the visits where both types of care are given. However, contact duration per se shows a significant raise with age only for the group "technical care only"; it can be demonstrated that this is due to the fact that older patients require more complex technical acts (e.g., bladder care, as compared with simpler acts such as injection). A model of the relationships between patient age and contact duration is proposed: it is because of the increase in the proportions of home visits, of visits including basic nursing care, and of more complex technical acts that older persons require more of the working time of public health nurses

Behavioral pain indicators for adults with an intellectual disability: a scoping review protocol.

This scoping review aims to identify and map the behavioral pain indicators observed when adults with an intellectual disability experience pain. Adults with an intellectual disability have more health problems than the general population. The likelihood they experience pain is high, but intellectual disability can obstruct the verbal expression of it. Adults with an intellectual disability express pain via behavioral pain indicators, but because no behavioral pain scale exists for this population, an observer may misinterpret the pain of adults with an intellectual disability. The review will examine literature about behavioral pain indicators for adults with any type of intellectual disability who are suffering from any type of pain in any country or care setting. The review will be conducted according to JBI recommendations for scoping reviews. A preliminary search equation focusing on the concepts of intellectual disability and pain measurement was prepared for PubMed and CINAHL in March 2022. Once the protocol has been validated, searches will also be carried out in Embase, JBI EBP Database, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC, Google Scholar, MedNar, and other significant associations' websites. Titles and abstracts and then full-text studies will be selected independently by 2 researchers and assessed against the inclusion criteria. Relevant information will be imported into a data chart. Any behavioral pain indicators identified will be classified into 14 behavioral categories. Open Science Framework osf.io/8xckf