Young people practicing martial arts and their perception of success

Background: The scientific framework for this study is the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts that provides the specific language and definitions for Combat Sports/Martial Arts manifestations. Objective: The main aim was to describe the “perception of success” in groups in age 15-17, 11,11% girls and 88,89% boys involved in martial arts training. Participants ( n = 63) consisted of young martial artists from Poland and the United States. Methods: The instrument used for data collection was the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) (translated into Polish); Statistical analysis consisted of calculating the Spearman rank correlation for each pair of subgroups being analyzed a Coefficient of variation for comparison between the values of measurement. Results: 1) A weak correlation between the type of cultivated fighting style and the perceptions of success (Spearman rank correlation = ,35); 2) A moderate relationship between the US participants versus the Polish participants, and the perceptions of success (Spearman rank = ,69); and 3) A weak relationship between sex (as a gender) and the perceptions of success in the martial arts and combat sports (Spearman rank = ,34). Conclusions: This study concludes that the form or style of cultivated martial art or combat sport being practiced did not have a significant impact on the perception of success expressed by children and young people engaged in it

Conception of geothermal energy management in Sochaczew

W artykule przedstawiono informacje geologiczne i hydrogeologiczne o poziomach wód geotermalnych w rejonie miasta Sochaczew w aspekcie wykorzystania ich dla celów ciepłowniczych (sieć ciepłownicza + park wodny). Jako najbardziej przydatny do tych celów wytypowano zbiornik kredy dolnej. Opracowany model źródła energii zawierał następujące elementy: bezpośredni wymiennik ciepła geotermalnego, pompy ciepła absorpcyjne albo sprężarkowe (alternatywnie) oraz kotły wspomagania szczytowego na wysokometanowy sieciowy gaz ziemny. Stwierdzono, że poniesione nakłady inwestycyjne na uruchomienie źródła energii i niska temperatura wody geotermalnej nie powodują redukcji ceny zakupu energii przez odbiorcę finalnego, w porównaniu do sieciowego gazu ziemnego. Wszystkie warianty zakładające wykorzystanie energii geotermalnej charakteryzują się pozytywnym efektem lokalnego ograniczenia emisji.The article presents geological and hydrogeological information on geothermal waters in the area of Sochaczew, in terms of their use for heating purposes (heating network + water park). The Lower Cretaceous aquifer was the most suitable for this purpose. The developed model of the energy source contained the following elements: direct geothermal heat exchanger, absorption or compressor heat pumps (alternatively) and peak boilers for high methane natural gas. It was found that the incurred capital expenditures for the activation of the source of energy and the low temperature of the geothermal water did not result in a reduction in the final price compared to net natural gas. All variants of geothermal energy use are characterized by positive local emissions reductions

Development and biological investigations of hypoxia-sensitive prodrugs of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib

Despite the huge success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents, severe side effects are a major problem. In order to overcome this drawback, the first hypoxia-activatable 2-nitroimidazole-based prodrugs of the clinically approved ALK and c-MET inhibitor crizotinib were developed. The 2-aminopyridine functionality of crizotinib (essential for target kinase binding) was considered as ideal position for prodrug derivatization. Consequently, two different prodrugs were synthesized with the nitroimidazole unit attached to crizotinib either via carbamoylation (A) or alkylation (B) of the 2-aminopyridine moiety. The successful prodrug design could be proven by docking studies and a dramatically reduced ALK and c-MET kinase-inhibitory potential. Furthermore, the prodrugs showed high stability in serum and release of crizotinib in an enzymatic nitroreductase-based cleavage assay was observed for prodrug A. The in vitro activity of both prodrugs was investigated against ALK- and c-MET-dependent or –overexpressing cells, revealing a distinct hypoxia-dependent activation for prodrug A. Finally, inhibition of c-MET phosphorylation and cell proliferation could also be proven in vivo. In summary of the theoretical, chemical and biological studies, prodrug derivatization of the 2-aminopyridine position can be considered as a promising strategy to reduce the side effects and improve the anticancer activity of crizotinib

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