Characterization and quantification of postharvest losses of apple fruit stored under commercial conditions.

The objectives of this study were to characterize and quantify postharvest losses of apples under commercial conditions in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Two experiments were conducted using ?Gala? and ?Fuji? apples. The first experiment was to characterize and quantify the most important causes of loss of fruit treated or not treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) then held in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. This experiment was conducted in commercial storage facilities from 2007 to 2010. In each year, 10 samples of ≈380 kg each for ?Gala? and 400 kg each for ?Fuji? were collected from bins of commercially harvested fruit from each of 15 ?Gala? and 17 ?Fuji? orchards. Half of the samples from each orchard were treated with 1-MCP at harvest. Fruit were stored in CA, at 0.7 °C, for 150 to 300 days. After storage, one subsample of 100 disorder-free apples were selected from each sample and held at 22 °C for 7 days to simulate shelf-life conditions. The fruit were analyzed after CA storage and shelf life for the incidence of disorders. The second experiment was conducted in 2011 to identify the main fungi causing decay during storage. In this study, apples were stored in 10 commercial CA storage rooms at 0.7 °C for 180 to 240 days. After storage, fruit with decay symptoms were collected at the commercial sorting line. A total of 10 samples of 100 decayed apples were taken throughout the sorting period for each cultivar and storage room. The fungal decays were identified by visual symptoms on each fruit. Total apple losses during storage varied from 3.9% to 12.1% for ?Gala? and 6.6% to 8.4% for ?Fuji?, depending on the year and 1-MCP treatment. During storage, deterioration caused by fungal decay was ≈60% and 80% of total losses for ?Gala? and ?Fuji?, respectively. During shelf life, additional losses caused by fungal decay ranged from 8.4% to 17.6% for ?Gala? and 12.4% to 27.2% for ?Fuji?, depending on the year. Senescent breakdown and superficial scald were the major physiological disorders. 1-MCP treatment had no effect on losses due to decay. Bull?s-eye rot, blue mold, gray mold, and alternaria rot were the most prevalent fungal decay symptoms, accounting for 52%, 27%, 9% and 10% of ?Gala? losses and 42%, 25%, 18% and 5% of ?Fuji? losses, respectively. Sources of variability for losses among years and orchards is discussed

Surgical-pathological findings in type 1 and 2 endometrial cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study on GOG-210 protocol

To report clinical and pathologic relationships with disease spread in endometrial cancer patients

Desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Automação Residencial com a Aplicação de Android e Arduino

Neste trabalho apresenta-se o processo de desenvolvimento, construção e testes de um protótipo para automação residencial usando Android e Arduino. Para a implementação do protótipo, foi construída uma maquete de simulação de uma residência, onde foi desenvolvido o sistema de automação usando componentes eletrônicos e Arduino. Já o sistema de controle da automação foi feito usando uma conexão bluetooth e um aplicativo móvel Android, que foi desenvolvido na plataforma App Inventor 2, disponibilizada online pelo MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Na montagem do protótipo modelo, foram utilizados materiais de baixo custo e foi criado um aplicativo bem simples e de fácil utilização. As funcionalidades implementadas foram: ligar e desligar luzes, abertura e fechamento do portão, medição de temperatura e umidade relativa do ambiente. Estas funcionalidades são genéricas, e representam como pode ser feita a automação de qualquer acionamento elétrico dentro da residência. A principal contribuição com a proposta deste projeto é o desenvolvimento de um ambiente controlado de análise e simulação em pequena escala de um sistema de automação residencial. Por fim, pode-se ressaltar que o sistema desenvolvido é eficiente, possui controle preciso e baixo custo de implementação e operacional, tornando possível a aplicação em sistemas reais