An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of electrochemically deposited Fe-P thin films on copper substrate

Electrochemically deposited Fe-P magnetic thin film from acidic tartarate complex bath solution was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As-prepared film contains both Fe3+- and P5+ -like species, whereas the same film after 10 and 20 min sputtering shows peaks corresponding to Fe metal as well as P(δ-) species along with P5+ species. The film after heat-treatment contains Fe3+ together with P5+ and Pδ- species, whereas heat-treated film after sputtering shows the presence of both Fe metal and Fe2+ species. There is an increase in Pδ- intensity on sputtering the heat-treated film. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Structural analysis of peptide helices containing centrally positioned lactic acid residues

The effect of insertion of lactic acid (Lac) residues into peptide helices has been probed using specifically designed sequences. The crystal structures of 11-residue and 14-residue depsipeptides Boc-Val-Val-Ala-Leu-Val-Lac-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe (1) and Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Val-Lac-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe (3), containing centrally positioned Lac residues, have been determined. The structure of an 11-residue peptide Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe (2), analog of a which is an amide previously determined Lac-containing depsipeptide, Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Lac-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe I. L. Karle, C. Das, and P. Balaram, Biopolymers, Vol. 59, (2001) pp. 276-289], is also reported. Peptide 1 adopts a helical fold, which is stabilized by mixture of 4→1 and 5→1 hydrogen bonds. Peptide 2 adopts a completely α-helical conformation stabilized by eight successive 5→1 hydrogen bonds. Peptide 3 appears to be predominately α-helical, with seven 5→1 hydrogen bonds and three 4→1 interaction interspersed in the sequence. In the structure of peptide 3 in addition to water molecules in the head-to-tail region, hydration at an internal segment of the helix is also observed. A comparison of five related peptide helices, containing a single Lac residue, reveals that the hydroxy acid can be comfortably accommodated at interior positions in the helix, with the closest C=O...O distances lying between 2.8 and 3.3 Å

Spatial Variation of Surface Water Quality of Vrishabhavathi Watershed Using GISÂ

Vrishabhavathi Watershed is a constituent of the Arkavathi River Basin, Bangalore Urban and Ramanagara District and covers an area of 381.465Km2, representing seasonally dry tropical climate. In Vrishabhavathi watershed Vrishabhavathi River is the main surface water source which is tributary of river Arkavathy, which joins the Cauvery River. It drains a major parts of Bangalore metropolis and is an outlet for domestic and industrial effluent of that area. Earlier this surface water is mainly used for agricultural purposes and drinking purposes. Since this watershed lies in Bangalore urban and Bangalore rural area, today this water is only used for agricultural purposes which are also not safe. In order to assess the surface water quality the present study has been undertaken to map the spatial variability of the surface water quality in the watershed using Geographical Information System. The water qualities of 24 stations were randomly selected in Vrishabhavathi watershed for the present study.GIS is an efficient tool for representation and analysis of spatial information related to water quality analysis. The spatial variation map for sensitive water quality parameters are generated and integrated using Arc GIS10.1. The final integrated map shows 3 priority classes such as Acceptable, Poor and Very poor water quality zones of the study area and provides a guideline for suitability of water for irrigation purpose

Surgery groups of the fundamental groups of hyperplane arrangement complements

Using a recent result of Bartels and Lueck (arXiv:0901.0442) we deduce that the Farrell-Jones Fibered Isomorphism conjecture in L-theory is true for any group which contains a finite index strongly poly-free normal subgroup, in particular, for the Artin full braid groups. As a consequence we explicitly compute the surgery groups of the Artin pure braid groups. This is obtained as a corollary to a computation of the surgery groups of a more general class of groups, namely for the fundamental group of the complement of any fiber-type hyperplane arrangement in the complex n-space.Comment: 11 pages, AMSLATEX file, revised following referee's comments and suggestions, to appear in Archiv der Mathemati

A Survey on Sugarcane Leaf Disease Identification Using Deep Learning Technique(CNN)

The management of plant diseases is vital for the economical production of food and poses important challenges to the employment of soil, water, fuel and alternative inputs for agricultural functions. In each natural and cultivated populations, plants have inherent sickness tolerance, however there also are reports of devastating impacts of plant diseases. The management of diseases, however, within reason effective for many crops. sickness management is allotted through the employment of plants that square measure bred permanently resistance to several diseases and thru approaches to plant cultivation, like crop rotation, the employment of pathogen-free seeds, the given planting date and plant density, field wetness management, and therefore the use of pesticides. so as to enhance sickness management and to stay up with changes within the impact of diseases iatrogenic by the continued evolution and movement of plant pathogens and by changes in agricultural practices, continued progress within the science of soil science is required. Plant diseases cause tremendous economic losses for farmers globally. it's calculable that in additional developed settings across massive regions and lots of crop species, diseases usually cut back plant yields by ten percent per annum, however yield loss for diseases usually exceeds twenty percent in less developed settings. Around twenty-five percent of crop losses square measure caused by pests and diseases, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimates. to unravel this, new strategies for early detection of diseases and pests square measure required, like novel sensors that sight plant odours and spectrographic analysis and bio photonics that may diagnose plant health and metabolism. In artificial neural networks, deep learning is an element of a broader family of machine learning approaches supported realistic learning. Learning is often controlled, semi-supervised or unmonitored. to handle several real-world queries, Deep Learning Approaches are normally used. so as to differentiate pictures and acknowledge their options, coevolutionary neural networks have had a larger result. This article will do a Leaf Disease Identification Survey with Deep Learning Methods. It takes Sugarcane leaf as an instance to our paper

Estimation of the frequency of isoform–genotype discrepancies at the apolipoprotein E locus in heterozygotes for the isoforms

Estimates of the impact of apolipoprotein E (apo E) alleles coding for the three common isoforms on plasma lipid levels assume genetic homogeneity among the genotype classes. To test this assumption, we have determined the apo E genotype at the two common polymorphic sites (amino acids 112 and 158) by DNA amplification and hybridisation with allele‐specific oligoprobes, in 195 unrelated Caucasian participants of the Rochester Family Heart Study previously classified as heterozygotes by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Fourteen discordant samples were initially detected. Repeat typing of these samples by both methods resolved nine discrepancies and analysis of additional blood samples from the remaining five individuals eliminated a further four discrepancies. The only truly discordant allele was found in a female subject who had an E3 isoform with the common E2 (Cys 112 , Cys 158 ) genotype. Transmission of this allele from the mother was demonstrated. From these results, we estimate the frequency of discrepancies between isoforms and common genotypes to be 0.25% in this population. Allele misclassification was caused by poor amplification of the DNA in six samples and superimposition of glycosylated and nonglycosylated apo E isoforms on isoelectric focusing gels in five samples. We conclude that the assumption of genetic homogeneity among genotype classes is valid and that misclassification due to technical difficulties is more frequent than true discordancies. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101763/1/1370090403_ftp.pd

Conformation of di-n-propylglycine residues (Dpg) in peptides: Crystal structures of a type I′β-turn forming tetrapeptide and an α-helical tetradecapeptide

The crystal structures of two oligopeptides containing di-n-propylglycine (Dpg) residues, Boc-Gly-Dpg-Gly-Leu-OMe (1) and Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Dpg-Val-Ala-Leu-Val-Ala-Leu-Dpg-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe (2) are presented. Peptide 1 adopts a type I-turn conformation with Dpg(2)-Gly(3) at the corner positions. The 14-residue peptide 2 crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, both of which adopt α-helical conformations stabilized by 11 successive 5 → 1 hydrogen bonds. In addition, a single 4 → 1 hydrogen bond is also observed at the N-terminus. All five Dpg residues adopt backbone torsion angles (φ,ψ) in the helical region of conformational space. Evaluation of the available structural data on Dpg peptides confirm the correlation between backbone bond angle N-Cα-C'(ζ) and the observed backbone φ,ψ, values. For ζ > 106°, helices are observed, while fully extended structures are characterized by ζ < 106°. The mean values for extended and folded conformations for the Dpg residue are 103.6° ± 1.7° and 109.9° ± 2.6°, respectively

Stereochemistry of gabapentin and several derivatives: solid state conformations and solution equilibria

Gabapentin (1-(aminomethyl)cycloheaxaneacetic acid; Gpn) is a widely used anti-epileptic drug. The target site of action of Gpn remains controversial. Gpn can exist in two isomeric chair forms. The crystal structures of Gpn 1 and eight derivatives, Gpn hydrochloride 2, Gpn lactam 3, Boc-Gpn-OH 4, Ac-Gpn-OH 5, Piv- Gpn-OH 6, Tosyl-Gpn-OH 7, Boc-Gpn-OSu 8 and Boc-Gpn-NHMe 9, are described. The aminomethyl group occupies an axial position in 1, 3, 6 and 7, while it lies in an equatorial orientation in 2, 4, 5 and 8. The structure of Boc-Gpn-NHMe 9 reveals that the crystals contain both chair forms of the derivative in the ratio 0.7:0.3, favouring the aminomethyl group in an axial position. In all cases, the torsional angles about the Cα–Cβ (θ1) and Cβ–Cγ (θ2) bonds of the g-amino acid residue are characteristic of a gauche, gauche (g, g) conformation. In solution, NMR studies establish rapid conformational exchange, as anticipated, at room temperature. Low temperature NMR studies permit conformational freezing and determination of the freeenergy difference between the two 1,1-disubstituted cyclohexane conformers. The largest free-energy difference is observed in the free amino acid (0.38 kcal mol–1), with the most stable conformer having the aminomethyl group in the equatorial position. The free-energy difference between the two forms is significantly reduced in the protected derivatives, with almost equal populations observed in solution for the fully protected neutral derivatives, Boc-Gpn-NHMe and Gpn lactam