Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC is a kind of fuel cell using methanol as a fuel for electric producing. Methanol is low cost chemical substance and it is less harmful than that of hydrogen fuel. From these reasons it can be commercial product. The electrocatalytic reaction of methanol fuel uses Pt-Ru metals as the most efficient catalyst. In addition, the property of membrane and system designation are also effect to the fuel cell efficient. Because of low power of methanol fuel cell therefore, direct methanol fuel cell is proper to use for the energy source of small electrical devices and vehicles etc

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of violanthrone in dimethyl sulfoxide

Violanthrone is an anthraquinone vat dye, which is resistant to photochemical damage. Most previous work has concentrated on its chemiluminescence properties. In this report, electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of violanthrone has been investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide with 0.1M of tetraethylammonium bromide as electrolyte. Violanthrone luminesces in the potential range between 0.0V and -4:0 V. At the sweep rate 1000 mV/s, the intensity of the violanthrone ECL is about 2% of that of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) ion under the same conditions. It was found that bromine was also produced during the ex- periment, leading to the conclusion that the luminescence arises from the reaction between radical anion of violanthrone and molecular bromine. The mechanism is discussed in detail

Photocatalytic degradation of dye by Ag/ZnO prepared by reduction of Tollen’s reagent and the ecotoxicity of degraded products

A heterostructure of Ag/ZnO powder was prepared by a reduction of Ag(NH3) 2 + ions in a basic solution or Tollen’s reagent. From this method, the existence of a metallic Ag coating on the ZnO surface was confirmed by transmission electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag/ZnO powders was investigated by analyzing the degradation of an aqueous methylene blue solution under a blacklight irradiation. Furthermore, the parameters, including Ag content, catalyst loading, initial dye concentration and pH, were also studied. After the methylene blue solution was irradiated for 30min under a blacklight illumination, total mineralization was not observed as the presence of some carbon compound species was indicated in a mass spectrum. Furthermore, the toxicity of the treated methylene blue solution produced by the Ag/ZnO powders was also investigated by a test for the inhibition of the growth of Chlorella vulgaris

Effect of Phosphate Salts (Na3PO4, Na2HPO4, and NaH2PO4) on Ag3PO4 Morphology for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation under Visible Light and Toxicity of the Degraded Dye Products

Ag3PO4 was synthesized by the precipitation method using three different types of phosphate salts (Na3PO4, Na2HPO4, and NaH2PO4) as a precipitating agent. Hydrolysis of each phosphate salt gave a specific pH that affected the purity and morphology of the prepared Ag3PO4. The Ag3PO4 prepared from Na2HPO4 showed the best photocatalytic activity induced by visible light to degrade methylene blue dye. During the photocatalytic process, Ag3PO4 decomposed and produced metallic Ag, and this evidence was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction technique and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency decreased with the number of recycles used. This Ag3PO4 photocatalyst also degraded another cationic dye, rhodamine B, but did not degrade reactive orange, an anionic dye. The degraded products produced by the photocatalysis had lower toxicities than the untreated dyes using Chlorella vulgaris as a bioindicato

Extrinsic and intrinsic magnetic properties of Co1−xFexSb3

International audienceWe report magnetic properties of iron in Co1−xFexSb3 for x in the range 0 < x < 0.2, since x = 0.2 is found to be the limit of solubility of iron in the skutterudite lattice. The magnetic ions diluted in the matrix carry a small magnetic moment reduced to that of the spin-only S = 1/2 value of the Fe3+ in the low spin d5 configuration in presence of a strong crystal field that screens the orbital momentum. The magnetic properties give evidence that a small fraction of iron is spin-frozen in magnetite ferrimagnetic clusters, and antiferromagnetic FeO clusters. Because both types of clusters represent only very minor phases, their detection by the usual analytical means such as X-rays is not possible. The remaining part is diluted in the matrix to form a semimagnetic semiconductor characterized by a Fe–Fe nearest-neighbor exchange interaction J that is antiferromagnetic, with |J|/kB 19.6K