Antidepressant activity of Trigonella foenum leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: To evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum in animal models.Methods: A total of 60 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing 220-250 grams were used and they were divided into 10 groups of 6 rats in each. First five groups (1st -5th) were evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and remaining by Tail Suspension Test (TST). 1st group (control) received normal saline 10 mg/kg, 2nd group (standard) Imipramine 10 mg/kg and 3rd, 4th and 5th groups (test) respectively received Trigonella foenum leaf ethanolic extract [TFEE] in different doses 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg/kg per orally for 14 days. They were evaluated for antidepressant activity using FST after 60 minutes of drug administration on 14th day. Similarly, remaining five groups (6th to 10th) received the same drugs and evaluated using TST after 60 minutes of drug administration. Duration of immobility was noted for six minutes for each rat.Results: One way ANOVA and Tukey Krammer test were used for statistical analysis. The immobility periods were expressed in mean±SD. The immobility period in FST were 207.16±28.7, 50.08±2.9, 46.14±1.2, 40.5±3.4 and 40.0±3.6 seconds respectively for control, standard and three test groups of TFEE (100/200/400 mg/kg). Similarly, immobility periods of 163.11±31.9, 125.03±11.2, 138.81±16.44, 138.16±12.65, 127.58±4.3 seconds were noted for TST for remaining six groups. It was found that TFEE possess statistically significant (p<0.05) antidepressant activity, as evidenced by decrease in the immobility time in both the tests when compared to control group.Conclusions: Present study results demonstrated that TFEE possess antidepressant property in experimental models of depression

Effect of surfactant on dispersion of alumina in photopolymerizable monomers and their UV curing behavior for microstereolithography

Ceramic microstereolithography has recently emerged as a solid free form fabrication techniques for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) ceramic components of complex shapes. The spatial resolution of ceramic parts depends upon cure depth and cure width of UV curable ceramic suspensions. Ceramic particle size, its distribution and difference in the refractive indices between ceramic particles and UV curable monomer influence suspension microstructure which will be reflected in viscosity change and extent of colloidal gelation. Suspensions of alumina are formulated in a monomer having hydrophobic backbone structure (monomer chains terminating both ends with -CH2-) by dispersing alumina modified with suitable carboxylic acids (stearic acid and oleic acid). Another suspension was prepared just by dispersing as received alumina in a monomer having hydrophilic backbone structure (monomer chains terminating one end with -OH-). Suspensions exhibit different microstructures owing to solvency of adsorbed layer in monomer having hydrophobic backbone structure, interaction of hydroxyl groups present on alumina particles with monomer having hydrophilic backbone structure as revealed by dynamic rheology. We report effect of microstructure of these suspensions on UV curing behavior by monitoring C=C conversion. The spatial resolution of ceramic part is predicted by measuring cure depth and cure width for the suspensions cured in microstereolithography apparatus. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved

Iot Based Energy Monitoring and Controlling of Home Applinces with Theftdetection and Prepaid Billing

Across thenation, the demand for energy is outpacing supply. Whereas the generation of Electricityis limited. Hence the effective management of existing energy generation is essential.You cannot manage what you cannot measure.Energy monitoring serves an effective guidance for energy management. The system discussed in the paper monitors and controlsthe electrical appliances.Electrical appliances (e.g.,T.V. fan, air conditioning units, heating appliances, bulbs) can be monitored and controlled using IOT technology from overall the world. The system includes a smart device application, a cloud-based database, an Application Programming Interface (API) and a hardware development is proposed. The usage energy data from each unit to be controlled and storedin a cloud based database that can be analysesand recorded for energy conservation and analysis.On the other hand, Governmentelectricity revenue is worm-eatenby power theft, incorrect meter reading and billing. The paper suggestssystem asprimary solution helps to finding theft and prepaid billing

Epoxy composite reinforced with jute/basalt hybrid – Characterisation and performance evaluation using machine learning techniques

Epoxy resins, prized for their versatile properties, are derived from bio-based materials, contributing to sustainability and eco-friendliness in both production and application. This study focuses on the application of gradient boosting machine learning techniques in the field of machining to predict the surface roughness and also the contour based experimental validation of the numerical results. The turning experiments, conducted via Taguchi's L27 array, aimed to explore the effects of depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed. Higher spindle speeds, lower feed rates, and shallower cuts led to smoother surfaces in turned jute/basalt epoxy composites. Machine learning models (Gradient Boosting Machine, AdaBoost, and XGBoost) were then used to predict surface roughness. Amongst these, XGBoost outperformed GBM and AdaBoost, exhibiting maximum and average prediction errors of 3.78 % and 2.24 %, respectively. XGBoost accurately predicted 2D surface roughness contours that closely matched experimental contours for training and test cases. Taguchi's Orthogonal Matrix identified minimum surface roughness values as 0.773 μm (experimental), 0.800 μm (GBM), 0.880 μm (AdaBoost), and 0.774 μm (XGBoost). All were achieved at 1500 rpm spindle speed, 0.05 mm/rev feed rate, and 0.3 mm depth of cut