Hyperelastic polynomial models in plastics behaviour analyses

The issue of vibration damping occurs in many mechanical problems in the operation of various devices, in the automotive industry engineering, aerospace. In the case where damping by selection of the masses and dimensions is not possible due to various reasons or for other reasons it was abandoned, vibration dampers are used. Minimization of adverse impact of dynamic interaction effects is an important research and technical problem. Passive energy absorbers used today (complex of bumpers, passenger lifts buffers typically allows to the safe dissipation of energy within a certain range of loads. In the case of high-impact loading variability is desirable to use an adaptive energy absorption system capable of rapid change their dynamic characteristics. The main issue in the analysis of interactions impact of dynamic loads on objects is dispersion (dissipation) of kinetic energy during impact. In constructions of polymer composite structures the sources of energy dissipation are: matrix of polystructural viscoelasticity, morphology of material, defect of structure, thermoplastic and viscoplastic dumping. In construction of machines more and more often be practical used materials name hyper-elastic. To description of elastic proprieties it’s possible to use the worked out theories well in which the most important they are the multinomial models and them special coincidence: Mooney’s – Rivlin’s, Yeoh’s. In this paper, is presented numerical behaviour analyses materials with large deformation

The innovations in description of propriety of structures the hyper-elastic materials

The hyper-elastic materials e.g.: the elastomers, frothed structures PUR about open and closed pores, the materials using the matrix of natural rubber materials whether as well as synthetic the gels be practical used in different engineer applications from over 30 year s. They really several summers and intensive works on field of materiał engineering made possible extension the spectres of uses as well as the utilization of elastomers compositions. In this paper, will be presented built methodology of elasticity propriety materials with large deformation. In article be become presented method of identification and description of hyper-elastic materials from special return on numeric models the attention. Quantitative analysis be becomes executed in support about executed experimental investigations. The numeric permissive on comparison of received conception of description of hyper-elastic material worked out in support about theoretical foundations with results of experimental investigations analyses be become executed

The hyperdeform materials in systems of vibrations machines

In construction of machines more and more often be practical used materials name hyper-elastic for example: foamy structures, materials of base natural and synthetic rubbers and another of large reversible deformations. To description of elastic proprieties, it is possible to use the worked out theories well in which the most important they are the multinomial models and them special coincidence: Mooney-Rivlin, Yeoh and Ogden. Precise description propriety in questions dissipation the energy, dumping of vibration is a fault currently. The aim of the article is the analysis oscillation in systems from elements of incompressible and the description of phenomena setting during of work of such like systems. In this paper, is presented built methodology of elasticity propriety materials with large deformation. An assumption is a dissipation function we have present in analogous figure to elasticity function, well known with theory of hyperelastic materials. A description of model of internal damping was proposed with the proof the influence of component part of polynomial: figure and volumetric. The numeric permissive on comparison of received conception of description of hyperelastic material worked out in support about theoretical foundations with results of experimental investigations analyses' be become executed

Designed vehicles buffer safety based on two phase structure of polymer - gas

W artykule podjęto zagadnienia charakterystyki pracy materiałów hiperodkształcalnych w zastosowaniach specjalnych. Zagadnieniem była identyfikacja właściwości tłumiących i dyssypacyjnych materiałów, które mogą zostać wykorzystane do wytworzenia buforów bezpieczeństwa. Podstawą opisu były wyniki prac badawczych wykonane przez autorów, na podstawie, których stwierdzono, że wraz ze zmianą parametrów, tj.: temperatura, prędkość, zakresy obciążeń zmienia się istota materiałów hiperodkształcalnych. Podjęto zagadnienia weryfikacji modeli oraz opracowanie metodyki oceny zespołów ochronnych wykonanych ze spienionych tworzyw sztucznych. W badaniach uwzględniono modyfikację struktury komórkowej analizowanych struktur oraz zagadnienie kontaktu z tarciem. Przedstawione sposoby modelowania materiałów mają zastosowanie dla konstrukcji zwiększających bezpieczeństwo osób w pojeździe, poza pojazdem, jak również w przypadku projektowania m. in. kasków motocyklowych i rowerowych. Referat stanowi podsumowanie doświadczeń autorów w zakresie oceny wpływu czynników zewnętrznych na pracę struktur hiperodkształcalnych w konstrukcjach inżynierskich.The aim of this work is to develop methods of describing the properties of such materials based on knowledge of: basic materials, technologies (gas pressure formed during foaming) using the theory of hyperplastic materials, in particular using Ogden’s model and its modifications. The energy created during the impact will be dissipated by element of protection made of a hyperdeformable material. Energy intensive structures are able to take over the kinematic energy during impact, which is equivalent to the work of their destruction (crushing, breaking). The resulting description can be used for the applicability of hyperelstic models, and therefore in the whole range of deformation of the polymer-based composites and elastic composites of metals (not included plasticity). Presented methods and applications of the characteristics of hyperelastic materials and composites with the gas phase are used to determine the proper selection of parameters (material properties), increasing the opportunities for a proper assessment of the effectiveness of safety devices

Oscillation systems from hyper-deforms elements

In construction of machines more and more often are used materials called hyper-elastic, for example: foam structures, materials based on natural and synthetic rubbers and other materials subjecting large deformations. The porous structures are produced on the basis of different synthetic materials, thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting. Subject of porous materials is studied by many scientists around the world. Porous materials (also called cellular plastics, foam plastics or foamed plastics) include gas phase dispersed in a solid phase of polymeric material. Properties of such systems depends on the properties of the polymer warp and cell structure, comprising the gas phase. Approach previously used to anticipate and interpreting the behaviour of the hyper-deformable structures, which use the theory of hyperelastic materials, does not resolve the issue because it only describes the elastic properties. The article presents an original methodology developed structural identification the viscoelastic properties of hyperdeformable materials, and in particular modern construction materials from the group of plastics and composites of elastomers, foams, etc. The aim of the article was an oscillation analysis in systems from elements of incompressible and the description of phenomena setting in during of work of suchlike systems

POLYMERS FOAM STRUCTURE NUMERICAL IDENTIFICATION

Polymers found regard among engineers and researcher their special proprieties. Now, we find using the polymers at present in the most advanced technically the branches of industry. In construction of machines, more and more often are practical used hyperdeform materials. The group of construction materials, called hyperdeformable, includes among others: elastomers, plastics made based on rubber, thermoplastic structures, such as polycarbonate, gels and sols, composites and foams: open and closed pores. Porous structures are produced on the basis of different materials, synthetic thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting. The problem of porous materials is taken in many research centres in the world. Porous materials (also called cellular plastics, foam plastics or foamed plastics) include gas phase dispersed in a solid phase of polymeric material. Properties of such systems depend on the properties of the polymer warp and cell structure comprising the gas phase. Approach previously used to anticipate and interpret the behaviour of the hyperdeformable structures, using the theory of hyperelastic materials, does not resolve the issue because it only describes the elastic properties. The article presents an original methodology developed structural identification the viscoelastic properties of hyperdeformable materials, and in particular modern construction materials from the group of plastics and composites of elastomers, foams, et

HYPERELASTIC POLYNOMIAL MODELS IN PLASTICS BEHAVIOUR ANALYSES

The issue of vibration damping occurs in many mechanical problems in the operation of various devices, in the automotive industry engineering, aerospace. In the case where damping by selection of the masses and dimensions is not possible due to various reasons or for other reasons it was abandoned, vibration dampers are used. Minimization of adverse impact of dynamic interaction effects is an important research and technical problem. Passive energy absorbers used today (complex of bumpers, passenger lifts buffers typically allows to the safe dissipation of energy within a certain range of loads. In the case of high-impact loading variability is desirable to use an adaptive energy absorption system capable of rapid change their dynamic characteristics. The main issue in the analysis of interactions impact of dynamic loads on objects is dispersion (dissipation) of kinetic energy during impact. In constructions of polymer composite structures the sources of energy dissipation are: matrix of polystructural viscoelasticity, morphology of material, defect of structure, thermoplastic and viscoplastic dumping. In construction of machines more and more often be practical used materials name hyper-elastic. To description of elastic proprieties it’s possible to use the worked out theories well in which the most important they are the multinomial models and them special coincidence: Mooney’s – Rivlin’s, Yeoh’s. In this paper, is presented numerical behaviour analyses materials with large deformation

Estimation of implementation possibilities of higher requirements in range of vehicles recycling from year 2015

W referacie przedstawiono ocenę możliwości uzyskania w Polsce zwiększonych od 2015 roku wymagań w zakresie recyklingu samochodów. Omówiono wymagania stawiane przez Dyrektywę UE. Przedstawiono oszacowanie liczby samochodów do demontażu w roku 2015 i w latach następnych, ilości materiałów do wtórnego przetworzenia oraz dostępność technologii odzysku i recyklingu. Możliwości recyklingu i odzysku materiałów z demontowanego pojazdu przedstawiono na przykładzie samochodu Skoda Octavia. Stwierdzono, że Polska posiada dostateczne możliwości hut: stali, metali kolorowych, szkła, rafinerii olejów, zakładów przetwórczych płynów chłodniczych i hamulcowych oraz akumulatorów, w wielu przypadkach możliwości są znacznie większe niż możliwości zbierania zużytych materiałów. Występujące braki dotyczą przetwórstwa tworzyw sztucznych, w szczególności poliuretanowych, pianki z foteli samochodowych. We wnioskach stwierdzono, że uzyskanie w Polsce zwiększonych od 01.01.2015 r. poziomów odzysku i recyklingu jest możliwe pod warunkiem zwiększenia poziomu demontażu pojazdów wycofywanych z eksploatacji. Wymaga to poprawy opłacalności demontażu - modyfikacji sposobu dopłat do demontażu, powodującej, że dofinansowanie nie będzie traktowane, jako pomoc publiczna de minimis, lecz jako zwrot kosztów poniesionych na demontaż.The report presents the estimation of implementation possibilities of higher requirements in the range of vehicles recycling from year 2015 in Poland. It describes EU Directives requirements. The report presents several estimations: the amount of end-of life vehicles in year 2015 and in next years, the amount of materials to recover and also recover and recycling technology availability. Materials' recycling and recovery are described on based of the car Skoda Octavia. It is said that Poland has enough foundries, steelworks, metalworks, glassworks, oil refineries, and works of the processing of refrigeration and brake oils and batteries. In majority cases, possibilities are much greater than possibilities of collecting used materials. There are only some problems with plastic processing, especially with polyurethane materials, i.e. foam from vehicle seats. In conclusion, Poland can achieve higher levels of recovery and recycling when the level of dismantling of end of life vehicles will be increased. This requires making dismantling more profitable - the supplement system has to be change to prevent treating as public help 'de minimis' and not as a repayment of dismantling costs

Monitorowanie zasobów energetycznych z pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji

In this paper work discussed the evaluation of the composition of the waste In terms of their use as an energy source, the results of sampling fraction of light coming from the shredder of ZŁOMPOL in Tarczyn. It was found that waste from end of life vehicles can be a significant source of energy. In particular fractions containing polymer materials with a high energy value. The problem is the significant level of pollution - waste will contain, among other heavy metal.W pracy omówiono ocenę składu odpadów pod kątem możliwości ich wykorzystania jako źródła energii, przedstawiono wyniki badań próbek frakcji lekkiej pochodzącej ze strzępiarki firmy ZŁOMPOL w Tarczynie. Stwierdzono, że odpady pochodzące z pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji mogą być znaczącym źródłem energii, w szczególności frakcje zawierające materiały polimerowe o dużej wartości energetycznej. Problemem jest znaczny poziom zanieczyszczenia - odpady te zawierają między innymi metale ciężkie