Relación del contenido de materia orgánica con el pH de los análisis de suelo en cinco provincias de Huánuco

The objectives were (a) To evaluate the effect of CIC (Cation Exchange Capacity), pH, Ca+2 saturation on exchangeable acidity in soils of the Huánuco region, (b) to determine the effect of CIC and clay on OM ( total organic matter) and, (c) measure the effect of total OM pH on changeable acidity and pH. 130 agricultural soils from five provinces of the Huánuco region were studied: Huánuco, Pachitea, Ambo, Yarowilca, Huamalíes. The data was collected from the research work carried out in the region from 2019 to the present. The results indicated that when presenting, the soils with a higher CEC had a greater capacity to retain H+ and Al+3. Active acidity predominates over changeable acidity in acid soils in the region. Soils with low clay content located in sites with low temperatures presented high contents of total OM, only in some quality areas of Huánuco was there a slight positive relationship between total OM and the percentage of clays. No relationship was seen between the total OM and pH, and a low relationship was seen between the changeable acidity and the total OM attributable to the fact that the acidity of the soils in the region is due to the acids emitted by the total OM, but not due to in the presence of H+ and Al+3 in exchangeable form.Los objetivos fueron (a) Evaluar el efecto del CIC (Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico), pH, saturación de Ca+2 sobre la acidez cambiable en suelos de la región Huánuco, (b) determinar el efecto del CIC y arcilla sobre la MO (materia orgánica) total y, (c) medir el efecto de la MO total pH sobre la acidez cambiable y pH. Se estudiaron 130 suelos agrícolas de cinco provincias de la región Huánuco: Huánuco, Pachitea, Ambo, Yarowilca, Huamalíes. Los datos se colectaron de los trabajos de investigación realizados en la región desde el año 2019 a la actualidad. Los resultados indicaron que al presentar, los suelos, mayor CIC tuvieron mayor capacidad para retener H+ y Al+3. La acidez activa predomina sobre la acidez cambiable en suelos ácidos de la región. Los suelos con bajos contenidos de arcilla ubicados en sitios con bajas temperaturas presentaron altos contenidos de MO total, sólo en algunas zonas calidad de Huánuco se vio una ligera relación positiva entre la MO total y el porcentaje de arcillas. No se vio relación entre la MO total y pH, y se vio baja relación entre la acidez cambiable y la MO total atribuible a que la acidez de los suelos de la región se debe a los ácidos que emite la MO total, mas no se debe a la presencia de H+ y Al+3 en forma cambiable

One Health Approach: An Overview of Q Fever in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans in Asturias (Northwestern Spain)

This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, wild ungulates, as well as the current situation of Q fever in humans in a small region in northwestern Spain where a close contact at the wildlife–livestock–human interface exists, and information on C. burnetii infection is scarce. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii was 8.4% in sheep, 18.4% in cattle, and 24.4% in goats. Real-time PCR analysis of environmental samples collected in 25 livestock farms detected Coxiella DNA in dust and/or aerosols collected in 20 of them. Analysis of sera from 327 wild ungulates revealed lower seroprevalence than that found in domestic ruminants, with 8.4% of Iberian red deer, 7.3% chamois, 6.9% fallow deer, 5.5% European wild boar and 3.5% of roe deer harboring antibodies to C. burnetii. Exposure to the pathogen in humans was determined by IFAT analysis of 1312 blood samples collected from patients admitted at healthcare centers with Q fever compatible symptoms, such as fever and/or pneumonia. Results showed that 15.9% of the patients had IFAT titers ≥ 1/128 suggestive of probable acute infection. This study is an example of a One Health approach with medical and veterinary institutions involved in investigating zoonotic diseasesThis work was funded by INIA—Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (RTA2017-00055-C02-02), the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), and PCTI 2018–2020 (GRUPIN: IDI2018-000237)S

Evaluación Preliminar de Sistemas Acuapónicos e Hidropónicos en Cama Flotante para el Cultivo de Orégano (Origanum vulgare: Lamiaceae)

En esta investigación se evaluó el crecimiento y parámetros productivos del orégano en sistemas acuapónicos e hidropónicos a modo de cama flotante, así mismo el crecimiento y parámetros productivos de la carpa común en sistemas acuapónicos. Cada sistema acuapónico de 120L estaba compuesto por un tanque de peces, un biofiltro y una cama de plantas. Los sistemas hidropónicos eran similares a la cama de plantas y se mantuvieron con una solución nutritiva Hoagland No. 2 la cual se recambiaba mensualmente. En los sistemas acuapónicos inicialmente se ajustó la biomasa de peces a 25 g/sistema. Se alimentaron tres veces al día con Truchina® al 45% ajustada al 10% de la biomasa total, durante todo el experimento. Quincenalmente a los peces se les registró el peso, longitud total y estándar, y al final de cada cosecha se estimaron los parámetros productivos. Se sembraron y evaluaron dos cosechas de orégano (Cosecha 1 y 2) para cada sistema. Al inicio de cada cosecha de orégano, del mismo lote de plantas que se iban a sembrar se tomaban 8 plantas a las cuales se les registró el peso fresco y seco de la región aérea y radicular. Tanto en los sistemas acuapónicos como hidropónicos se sembraron 8 plantas/sistema a las cuales se les siguió el crecimiento en altura, se registró el peso seco y fresco final de las estructuras aéreas y radiculares, y se determinaron algunos parámetros productivos. Se llevó un registro fotográfico con el fin de establecer deficiencias nutricionales de las plantas de orégano. Tres veces por semana se midió pH y semanalmente temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, amonio, nitrito, nitrato, dureza general y dureza de carbonatos. Al final de la segunda cosecha se tomó una muestra de los sistemas acuapónicos e hidropónicos para el análisis de la solución nutritiva. No hubo diferencias significativas en el crecimiento en altura de las plantas de orégano. Las plantas en los sistemas acuapónicos presentaron mejores parámetros de productividad que los sistemas hidropónicos: la primera cosecha de acuapónicos fue mejor que la segunda. Así mismo, el orégano de los sistemas acuapónicos obtuvo un mayor peso fresco y seco en las estructuras aéreas y radiculares. Las plantas de ambos sistemas presentaron deficiencias en P y Fe, adicionalmente los acuapónicos mostraron deficiencia en Mg y B. Los peces presentaron un lento crecimiento e inadecuados parámetros productivos, pero buenos porcentajes de sobrevivencia. Los factores que afectaron el adecuado crecimiento de los peces fueron las considerables fluctuaciones de temperatura y la concentración de amonio al inicio de cada cosecha. Los sistemas acuapónicos en cama flotante mostraron ser mejores en cuanto a parámetros productivos, peso fresco y seco en comparación con los sistemas hidropónicos

La docencia en el ámbito de los negocios internacionales en las universidades españolas

El informe sobre docencia en el ámbito de los negocios internacionales en Universidades Españolas permite conocer la oferta formativa actual de las materias sobre negocios internacionales en Grado y Máster en las Universidades Españolas. Para el desarrollo de este estudio se remitió un cuestionario online a los miembros de la Sección de Dirección Internacional de la Asociación Científica de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa (ACEDE). En el informe se ofrece una panorámica general de las principales características del profesorado que imparte las mismas, tales como, su categoría profesional, género, antigüedad en la universidad y antigüedad en las asignaturas. Además, se describe la oferta formativa de las asignaturas sobre negocios internacionales en Grado y Máster, identificándose sus principales características, tales como, número de créditos, curso en el que se imparte, número medio de estudiantes, entre otras. Este estudio permite, además, sistematizar la información de los procesos de aprendizaje de estas asignaturas en los planes de estudios de Grado y Máster de las Universidades Españolas identificando los principales contenidos que se imparten, métodos y medios didácticos, recursos de aprendizaje, sistemas de evaluación y fuentes bibliográficas. Este estudio es pionero en el análisis sistemático de la docencia sobre negocios internacionales en las Universidades Españolas

Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the “Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire” (W-DEQ-B)

The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ-B) is an instrument that allows the experiences around fear of childbirth to be examined after the birth. It is currently the most widely used to measure different aspects related to the fear of childbirth and enables healthcare and additional assistance to women after birth to be adapted according to their needs. The objective of this study was to translate the W-DEQ-B into Spanish and analyse its reliability and validity. The study was carried out in two phases: (1) transcultural adaption of the questionnaire to Spanish and (2) a transversal study in a sample of 190 postpartum women from Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinics in the province of Barcelona (Spain). The psychometric properties were examined in terms of reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and construct validity (confirmatory factorial analysis [CFA] and exploratory factorial analysis [EFA]). The results of the CFA did not confirm unidimensionality of the W-DEQ-B questionnaire. The EFA suggested four very similar, but not identical, dimensions to those obtained in other studies in which the W-DEQ-B has been evaluated. Both the Cronbach's alpha and the omega coefficient were adequate for the total questionnaire and for each of the four dimensions. The results of this study confirm that the W-DEQ-B is multi-dimensional. In the Spanish version of the W-DEQ-B-Sp four dimensions have been identified that allow the experiences around fear of childbirth to be examined after the birth. The Spanish version of the WDEQ-B (WDEQ-B-Sp) is reliable and valid for the measurement of fear of childbirth in clinical practice and for use in future research

Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the "Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire" (W-DEQ-B)

The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ-B) is an instrument that allows the experiences around fear of childbirth to be examined after the birth. It is currently the most widely used to measure different aspects related to the fear of childbirth and enables healthcare and additional assistance to women after birth to be adapted according to their needs. The objective of this study was to translate the W-DEQ-B into Spanish and analyse its reliability and validity. The study was carried out in two phases: (1) transcultural adaption of the questionnaire to Spanish and (2) a transversal study in a sample of 190 postpartum women from Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinics in the province of Barcelona (Spain). The psychometric properties were examined in terms of reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and construct validity (confirmatory factorial analysis [CFA] and exploratory factorial analysis [EFA]). The results of the CFA did not confirm unidimensionality of the W-DEQ-B questionnaire. The EFA suggested four very similar, but not identical, dimensions to those obtained in other studies in which the W-DEQ-B has been evaluated. Both the Cronbach's alpha and the omega coefficient were adequate for the total questionnaire and for each of the four dimensions. The results of this study confirm that the W-DEQ-B is multi-dimensional. In the Spanish version of the W-DEQ-B-Sp four dimensions have been identified that allow the experiences around fear of childbirth to be examined after the birth. The Spanish version of the WDEQ-B (WDEQ-B-Sp) is reliable and valid for the measurement of fear of childbirth in clinical practice and for use in future research

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis