Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition that occurs in approximately 5% to 15% of the population. It is usually associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis of OSA is based on polysomnography, and its severity is measured with an apnea-hypopnea index. Most of the adverse effects of OSA on the cardiovascular system are reversible with treatment. In addition to continous positive airway pressure therapy, precautions such as weight loss, avoidance of central nervous system depressants, treatment of nasal congestion and sleeping in the lateral position may help to treat OSA. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 534-537)

Heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, functional and structural changes of the respiratory system greatly influence cardiovascular autonomic functions. Determining autonomic balance may be important in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD and useful clinically in the treatment of COPD patients. Heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) are useful tools in assessing the autonomic neurovegetative function. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the HRV and HRT variables in COPD patients. Twenty five moderate to severe COPD patients and 25 healthy subjects were included in this study. Methods: Pulmonary function tests and echocardiographic examination, arterial blood gases analysis were performed, HRV and HRT analysis were assessed from a 24-hour Holter recording. Results: When HRV and HRT parameters were compared, COPD patients had significantly decreased sNN50 total, pNN50, SDANN, SDNN, SDNNI, rMSDD in time domain HRV parameters, and the values of the HRT onset was significantly less negative in COPD patients. Although the values of the HRT slope were lower in COPD patients, there was no significant difference between the two groups. We also found a correlation between HRT and HRV parameters. Conclusions: In addition to HRV parameters, HRT onset was significantly different in COPD patients. In our opinion, the combination of HRV variables and HRT onset may be simple and elegant ways of evaluating cardiac autonomic functions. New investigations of HRT and HRV in COPD patients have a potential importance for improving risk stratification and therapeutic approaches, and understanding the autonomic outcomes of the disease process

Obturacyjny bezdech senny jako czynnik ryzyka rozwoju chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego

Obturacyjny bezdech senny jest stosunkowo często występującym schorzeniem, które dotyka około 5-15% populacji. Zaburzenie to zazwyczaj ściśle wiąże się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Diagnostyka obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego opiera się na badaniu polisomnograficznym, a jego nasilenie mierzy się za pomocą wskaźnika bezdechów i spłyceń oddychania. Większość działań niepożądanych wywoływanych przez obturacyjny bezdech senny w odniesieniu do układu sercowo-naczyniowego ma, w toku włączonego leczenia, charakter odwracalny. Oprócz terapii za pomocą wentylacji w trybie ciągle dodatniego ciśnienia w drogach oddechowych w celu kompleksowego leczenia obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego zaleca się również zmniejszenie masy ciała, unikanie leków o depresyjnym wpływie na centralny układ nerwowy, leczenie niedrożności jamy nosowej, a także spanie w pozycji bocznej. (Folia Cardiologica Excerpta 2008; 3: 74-78

Effects of Single Dose Energy Drink on QT and P-Wave Dispersion

INTRODUCTION: Aim of this study is to evaluate the cardiac electrophysiological effects of energy drink (Red Bull) on QT and P duration and dispersion on surface electrocardiogram.\ud METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers older than 17 years of age were included the study. Subjects with a cardiac rhythm except sinus rhythm, history of atrial or ventricular arrhythmia, family history of premature sudden cardiac death, palpitations, T-wave abnormalities, QTc interval greater than 440 milliseconds, or those P-waves and QT intervals unavailable in at least eight ECG leads were excluded. Subjects having insomnia, lactose intolerance, caffeine allergy, recurrent headaches, depression, any psychiatric condition, and history of alcohol or drug abuse, pregnant or lactating women were also excluded from participation. 12 lead ECG was obtained before and after consumption of 250 cc enegry drink. QT and P-wave dispersion was calculated.\ud RESULTS: No significant difference have occurred in heart rate (79 ± 14 vs.81 ±13, p=0.68), systolic pressure (114 ± 14 vs.118 ± 16,p=0.38), diastolic blood pressure (74 ± 12 vs.76 ± 14, p=0.64), QT dispersion (58 ± 12 vs. 57 ± 22, p= 0.785) and P-wave dispersion (37 ± 7 vs. 36 ± 13, p= 0.755) between before and 2 hours after consumption of energy drink.\ud DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Consumption of single dose energy drink doesn't affect QT dispersion and P-wave dispersion, heart rate and blood pressure in healthy adults