Validity of Taylor's rule for Turkey: An empirical study

The aim of this paper is to propose an estimate of the reaction function of Turkey's monetary policy for the periods from January 2005 to January 2020. In this perspective, a VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model is set up. The VAR model was estimated using Stata software. In this study, the Taylor rule is extended by implicating the industrial production index and the monetary aggregate M2 into policy reaction function. By doing so, the Taylor rule is investigated for the Turkish economy, and the validity of the rule is tested. The results of the ADF test show for all the observed variables that the null hypothesis of a unit root is rejected. In other words, the condition of stationarity seems to be satisfied. In the short term, it seems that a change in the behavior of the variable M2 has an impact of 1% on the level of the current inflation rate as well as the current real interest rate. For the period studied, the results of the VAR modeling indicate that Taylor's rule is partly true for the short term but that it is not for the long term. The choice of the period studied seems to be the main reason for the non-cointegration between the inflation rate and the bank rediscount rate. © 2021 The Authors

Functions and role of social media networks in learning a foreign language: A case study

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the use of social media networks (SMN) by learners in teaching and learning a foreign language. To this end, we conducted a survey of a population of 176 learners. The collected data were analyzed via the SPSS for windows 26.0 program and an analysis of variance was applied to the data. At the coming of our research, first results have allowed us to identify the most popular social media network among student's educational department of French at Gazi University in Turkey. The WhatsApp application due to its simplicity and rapidity of spreading of the information it offers is the social media network most used by learners. In addition to the spreading of information, the ability to share content is also one of the elements of the success of this application. Our analysis suggests that the presence and interaction of learners with teachers of the SMN course is also an important factor in the popularity of these SMN. Sharing educational content and support on SMN such as WhatsApp would have a positive impact on the academic results of community members. The presence and opportunity to interact directly with the teacher on the SMN platform encourages learners to practice and therefore to develop their production skills written in foreign languages. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by IASE

The regulation problem of cryptocurrencies

The purpose of this article is to analyze the difficulties associated with the lack of regulations in cryptocurrencies. Indeed, the absence of a uniform and international common regulation brings many legal conflicts. This lack of legal framework partly slows down the development of cryptocurrencies. Investors who wish to invest in this type of currency or asset are often discouraged due to the lack of legal framework. In order to highlight the difficulties caused by the lack of regulation, this paper proposes to analyze the different approaches and the beginning of a legal text developed by certain countries to respond to these difficulties. Cryptocurrencies, although they have their own strengths, are trying to integrate into the classic monetary system. Cryptocurrencies are the fruit and results of a new technology that has been developing at high speed since 2010. However, there are many obstacles to the development of the blockchain ecosystem. Many countries do not want to miss the blockchain revolution but remain skeptical in its applications and dissemination. Beyond cryptocurrencies, creating a legal environment favorable to the development of this new technology will allow the distribution of crypto-assets which are a fundamental economic stake for countries wishing to perpetuate their financial attractiveness

Challenges and Obstacles for Syrian Refugee Women in the Turkish Labor Market

The civil war in Syria resulted in the displacement of 5.7 million civilians between 2011 and 2018. Approximately four million of these civilians started to live in Turkey as refugees trying to integrate themselves into the labor market. The present research is a case study regarding the obstacles faced by Syrian refugee women's access to the labor market in Sanliurfa, Turkey. To this end, a survey was carried out on a population of 341 migrants under a temporary protection regime comprising 207 women. The results obtained indicate numerous problems and show the needs of Syrian women. For example, Turkish language fluency and low education and skill levels are among the largest barriers for employment. Moreover, the opacity of bureaucratic procedures and non-computerized work permit applications are shown to be another slowing factor in this process. Compared with their home countries, Syrian women are more active in Turkey. However, a majority is involved in precarious and seasonal jobs. The problems of childcare and the feudal (male-dominated) nature of many homes deter Syrian women from contributing economically, and despite being a generally young population, most hold seasonal jobs, which leave little opportunity for career development. It is recommended that, to overcome structural barriers in accessing the labor market, Syrian refugee women need long-term training rather than restrictive policies