Analysts of meson-meson production

We study properties of mesons, which decay into the (ππ) nnd (KK) channels, using high-statistics (meson-meson) production data for reactions of the type πN → (ππ) N πN → (KK) N with a primary interest In the J(^PC) = 0(^++) mesons. We first investigate the properties of the S* and find that it is a normal Breit-Wigner resonance. We also present evidence for a broad elastic ππ resonance, the Σ meson. We propose forms of parametrization of the coupled channel (ππ, KK) I = 0 S wave to investigate the nature of the S*and Σ. We see that it is not possible to explain these mesons simply as (qq) states and that forces in the (qqqq) sector are also important. We analyse recent (K(^-)K ) production data and find evidence for a new I = 1, O(^++) meson, the S’(l300). This (K(^-)K ) analysis also gives evidence for the spin 4, A(_2) (1900) state, illuminates theA(_2)and g production mechanisms and determines the g → KK branching ratio. We discuss the identification of the S(970) and S’(1300) and find the most natural answer is that, besides the conventional (qq) nonet, there is a low-lying (qqqq) nonet of 0(^++) mesons. Using high-statistics (K(^+)K(^-)) production data, together with the results of the (K(^-)K ) analysis, we are able to investigate I = 0 (KP) states. We first study the resonant D wave (f,f',A(_2)). Then using I = 0 D wave as a reference wave we carry out a ππ → KK phase shift analysis

Investigation of Self-Esteem Levels of the Candidates Participated in Special Talent Exam

The purpose of study is to investigate the self-esteem levels of the candidates who participated in the special talent exam (STE) through various variables. The study group consists of 129 female and 649 male, 778 participants in total attending STE conducted by Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University School of Physical Education and Sport in 2018. In the research conducted with the relational screening model method, personal information form developed by the researcher and “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale” developed by Rosenberg (1965) whose Turkish adaptation studies were carried out by Cuhadaroğlu (1986) have been used in order to determinate self-esteem levels of the participants in STE. The scale consists of 10 items in 4 point Likert type. Cronbach Alpha coefficient for reliability is .81. At the end of the study; it was found that there was no significant relationship between the self-esteem levels of the candidates and gender variable, TYT (Basic Proficiency Test) score, geographical region of residence and the high school type of graduation. A positive and low level of relationship was found between the self-esteem levels of the candidates and the sports branch variable

Paraphrase identification using knowledge-lean techniques

This research addresses the problem of identification of sentential paraphrases; that is, the ability of an estimator to predict well whether two sentential text fragments are paraphrases. The paraphrase identification task has practical importance in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community because of the need to deal with the pervasive problem of linguistic variation. Accurate methods for identifying paraphrases should help to improve the performance of NLP systems that require language understanding. This includes key applications such as machine translation, information retrieval and question answering amongst others. Over the course of the last decade, a growing body of research has been conducted on paraphrase identification and it has become an individual working area of NLP. Our objective is to investigate whether techniques concentrating on automated understanding of text requiring less resource may achieve results comparable to methods employing more sophisticated NLP processing tools and other resources. These techniques, which we call “knowledge-lean”, range from simple, shallow overlap methods based on lexical items or n-grams through to more sophisticated methods that employ automatically generated distributional thesauri. The work begins by focusing on techniques that exploit lexical overlap and text-based statistical techniques that are much less in need of NLP tools. We investigate the question “To what extent can these methods be used for the purpose of a paraphrase identification task?” For the two gold standard data, we obtained competitive results on the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MSRPC) and reached the state-of-the-art results on the Twitter Paraphrase Corpus, using only n-gram overlap features in conjunction with support vector machines (SVMs). These techniques do not require any language specific tools or external resources and appear to perform well without the need to normalise colloquial language such as that found on Twitter. It was natural to extend the scope of the research and to consider experimenting on another language, which is poor in resources. The scarcity of available paraphrase data led us to construct our own corpus; we have constructed a paraphrasecorpus in Turkish. This corpus is relatively small but provides a representative collection, including a variety of texts. While there is still debate as to whether a binary or fine-grained judgement satisfies a paraphrase corpus, we chose to provide data for a sentential textual similarity task by agreeing on fine-grained scoring, knowing that this could be converted to binary scoring, but not the other way around. The correlation between the results from different corpora is promising. Therefore, it can be surmised that languages poor in resources can benefit from knowledge-lean techniques. Discovering the strengths of knowledge-lean techniques extended with a new perspective to techniques that use distributional statistical features of text by representing each word as a vector (word2vec). While recent research focuses on larger fragments of text with word2vec, such as phrases, sentences and even paragraphs, a new approach is presented by introducing vectors of character n-grams that carry the same attributes as word vectors. The proposed method has the ability to capture syntactic relations as well as semantic relations without semantic knowledge. This is proven to be competitive on Twitter compared to more sophisticated methods

Twenty-five years of end-user searching, Part 1: Research findings

This is the first part of a two-part article that reviews 25 years of published research findings on end-user searching in online information retrieval (IR) systems. In Part 1 (Markey, 2007 ), the author seeks to answer the following questions: What characterizes the queries that end users submit to online IR systems? What search features do people use? What features would enable them to improve on the retrievals they have in hand? What features are hardly ever used? What do end users do in response to the system's retrievals? Are end users satisfied with their online searches? Summarizing searches of online IR systems by the search features people use everyday makes information retrieval appear to be a very simplistic one-stop event. In Part 2, the author examines current models of the information retrieval process, demonstrating that information retrieval is much more complex and involves changes in cognition, feelings, and/or events during the information seeking process. She poses a host of new research questions that will further our understanding about end-user searching of online IR systems.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56093/1/20462_ftp.pd

Factors Affecting Web Page Similarity

Abstract. Tools that allow effective information organisation, access and navigation are becoming increasingly important on the Web. Sim-ilarity between web pages is a concept that is central to such tools. In this paper, we examine the effect that content and layout-related as-pects of web pages have on web page similarity. We consider the textual content contained within common HTML tags, the structural layout of pages, and the query terms contained within pages. Our study shows that combinations of factors can yield more promising results than individual factors, and that different aspects of web pages affect similarities between pages in a different manner. We found a number of factors that, when taken into account, can result in effective measures of similarity between web pages. Query information in particular, proved to be important for the effective organisation of web pages.

Analysis of Large Data Logs: An Application of Poisson Sampling on Excite Web Queries

Search engines are the gateway for users to retrieve information from the Web. There is a crucial need for tools that allow effective analysis of search engine queries to provide a greater understanding of Web users' information seeking behavior. The objective of the study is to develop an effective strategy for the selection of samples from large-scale data sets. Millions of queries are submitted to Web search engines daily and new sampling techniques are required to bring these databases to a manageable size, while preserving the statistically representative characteristics of the entire data set. This paper reports results from a study using data logs from the Excite Web search engine. We use Poisson sampling to develop a sampling strategy, and show how sample sets selected by Poisson sampling statistically effectively represent the characteristics of the entire dataset. In addition, this paper discusses the use of Poisson sampling in continuous monitoring of stochastic processes, such as Web site dynamics

Multimedia Web Searching Trends: 1997-2001

Multimedia is proliferating on Web sites, as the Web continues to enhance the integration of multimedia and textual information. In this paper we examine trends in multimedia Web searching by Excite users from 1997 to 2001. Results from an analysis of 1,025,910 Excite queries from 2001 are compared to similar Excite data sets from 1997 and 1999. Findings include: (1) queries per multimedia session have decreased since 1997 as a proportion of general queries due to the introduction of multimedia buttons near the query box, (2) multimedia queries identified are longer than non-multimedia queries, and (3) audio queries are more prevalent than image or video queries in identified multimedia queries. Overall, we see multimedia Web searching undergoing major changes as Web content and searching evolves

A day in the life of web searching: an exploratory study

Understanding Web searching behavior is important in developing more successful and cost-efficient Web search engines. We provide results from a comparative time-based Web study of US-based Excite and Norwegian-based Fast Web search logs, exploring variations in user searching related to changes in time of the day. Findings suggest: (1) fluctuations in Web user behavior over the day, (2) user investigations of query results are much longer, and submission of queries and number of users are much higher in the mornings, and (3) some query characteristics, including terms per query and query reformulation, remain steady throughout the day. Implications and further research are discussed