INVESTIGATION ON DYEABLITY OF NYLON 6 NANOFIBRES WITH REACTIVE DYE

WOS: 000423954500135The Dyeablity of nanofibres has been an important challenge to the entire polymer and textile chemist for last decade. The new approaches to provide dyeability of nanofibres increase the cost of the dyeing operation considerably. In this regard nylon 6 electrospun nanofiber was produced. The morphology of resultant nanofibers was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after dyeing with reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Violet 3) and then dyeability of nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers was evaluated. Reactive dyes are organic compounds capable of forming covalent bonds with the nucleophilic groups of fiber polymer chain. When a dye bonds with fiber the dye becomes part of fiber. The SEM results of nylon 6 nanofibers before and after dyeing with reactive dye, extent of exhaustion and extent of fixation showed that nylon 6 nanofibers are dyeable with reactive dye via making covalent band

Analiza zużycia energii w procesie druku

This study reveals an exergetic analysis of the reactive and pigment printing processes. Exergy models of the printing processes were formed and each step examined in terms of exergetic parameters. In the printing machine, the reactive printing process led to a higher specific exergy use due to the penetration requirement of the printing paste. The exergy efficiency in the subsequent drying after printing was found to be independent of the printing method, but affected by the fabric structure, which was calculated to be between 3.8% and 4.8%. In the fixation step, pigment printing provided the highest exergy efficiency, calculated to be 2.15%, due to the direct heating of the fixation air. It was observed for the fixation step that the boiler unit of the steaming process and the burner of the hot air fixation process led to the highest exergy destruction rates. The total exergy destruction rate in pigment printing was found to be higher than in the washing and final drying stages of reactive printing alone; thus, it was shown that the exergetic improvement of the post-washing and drying of reactive printing is of great importance.Praca przedstawia analizę zużycia energii w procesie druku reaktywnego i pigmentowego. Skonstruowano modele egzergetyczne procesu druku i przeanalizowano każdy krok pod względem parametrów wpływających na egzergię. W maszynie drukarskiej, reaktywny proces drukowania prowadzi do podwyższenia egzergii w wyniku zapotrzebowania na penetrację pasty drukarskiej. Stwierdzono, że wydajność egzergii w procesie suszenia po drukowaniu jest niezależna od metody drukowania, zależy natomiast od struktury materiału i obliczono, że zawiera się ona w granicach 3.8% do 4.8%. W procesie stabilizacji drukowanie pigmentowe prowadzi do najwyższej egzergii, która wynosi 2.15%, w wyniku bezpośredniego utrwalania w powietrzu. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie dla fazy utrwalania kotła parowego stosowanego w procesie parowania i palnika w procesie wysokotemperaturowego utrwalania prowadzi do najwyższych wartości destrukcji egzergii. Stwierdzono, że przy druku reaktywnym całkowita wartość destrukcji egzergii w procesie druku pigmentowego była wyższa niż w fazach prania i końcowego suszenia. Wynika z tego, że przy druku reaktywnym bardzo ważnym jest egzergetyczne polepszenie końcowej fazy prania i suszenia

The efficiency of washing agents in the post-dyeing removal of hydrolyzed reactive dye

WOS: 000240750100004The efficiencies of various washing agents (anionic and non-ionic) in removing hydrolyzed reactive dye are evaluated. Hydrolyzed dye was padded onto bleached cotton woven fabric and dried to provide the experimental material. Samples were washed at 95 degrees C with various washing agents in different concentrations, processing times, and liquor ratios. Removal efficiencies were assessed-spectrophotometrically. The best washing results were obtained with non-ionic washing agent. Liquor ratio has a dominant effect on efficiency on removing the hydrolyzed reactive dye. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The comparison of cotton knitted fabric properties made of compact and conventional ring yarns before and after the dyeing process

WOS: 000250238700007This study investigated the differences between knitted fabrics made from compact and conventional ring-spun yarns. 100% cotton yarns produced from the same cotton blend, were spun according to compact and conventional ring spinning principles in two different yarn counts and twist factors. Three different knitting structures, i.e., interlock, rib and single jersey, were produced from these yarns. The physical properties of these fabrics were investigated and compared with each other before and after the reactive dyeing process. When the results were examined, it was found that the hairiness of compact yarns was less and the strength and elongation percentages were higher, less tendency to pilling and had a higher bursting strenght. No statistical differences were observed with regard to spirality, weight, abrasion resistance, color efficiency and rubbing fastness of the fabrics produced with compact and ring-spun yarns

Permeation Studies of Indomethacin from Different Emulsions for Nasal Delivery and Their Possible Anti-Inflammatory Effects

The purpose of this research was to develop an emulsion formulation of indomethacin (IND) suitable for nasal delivery. IND was incorporated into the oil phases of oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) emulsions. For this purpose, different emulsifying agents (Tween 80, Span 80 and Brij 58) were used in two emulsion formulations. When the effects of several synthetic membranes (nylon, cellulose, cellulose nitrate) were compared with the sheep nasal mucosa, the cellulose membrane and sheep nasal mucosa showed similar permeation properties for O/W emulsion (P > 0.05). To examine the absorption characteristics of IND, the anti-inflammatory properties of intravenous solution of IND, intranasal O/W emulsions of IND (with or without enhancers) and intranasal solution of IND (IND-Sol) were investigated in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema. When citric acid was added to the nasal emulsion, the anti-inflammatory activity was similar to that of intravenous solution (P > 0.05). Finally, it was concluded that, intranasal administration of IND emulsion with citric acid may be considered as an alternative to intravenous and per oral administrations of IND to overcome their adverse effects