Emerging and hybrid: the cases of turkish and brazilian market economies

Este artigo examina as maneiras em que a economia de mercado turca evoluiu para uma forma híbrida marcado por características não- liberais. Explorando a dinâmica de continuidade e mudança em termos de configurações institucionais, o artigo analisa algumas das principais tensões entre as instituições antigas e novas nesta economia de mercado emergente, que atingiu níveis notáveis de crescimento na última década, mesmo no contexto do curso de crise global. Estabelece comparações entre a Turquia e o Brasil sobre o surgimento de variedades híbridas de capitalismo na transição do desenvolvimento liderado pelo Estado aos processos de abertura de mercado. O artigo afirma que, comparado com o seu homólogo brasileiro, a economia de mercado turca é mais próxima de economias de mercado patrimoniais e estatista, mais do que os liberais, e quase que constantemente passa por uma vacilação entre institucionalização e desinstitucionalização

Differential Europe within a nation: Europeanization of regulation across policy areas

This study examines varying levels of Europeanization of regulation across policy areas in the same national setting, drawing on the case of Turkey. It analyses institutional adaptation at both de jure and de facto levels regarding regulatory institutions and practices, focusing on two distinct policy areas: competition and telecommunications in Turkey. Suggesting that the interactions between the forms of conditionality at the EU level and the institutional capacity at the agency level will shape outcomes, it argues that higher levels of Europeanization will be achieved when firm conditionality meets with strong institutional capacity. It puts forward that Europeanization is less likely in policy areas where conditionality is not firm and where coalitions between the losers of reform and strong institutional veto players undermine institutional capacity building. The study, then, explores both the process of Europeanization beyond Europe and its limits when it is obstructed by domestic politics, interests and institutions

United we restrain, divided we rule: Neoliberal Reforms and Labor Unions in Turkey and Mexico

This article explores the variation in state policy toward labor unions in the context of neoliberal market reforms by cross-examining the cases of Turkey and Mexico. Although taming the power of unions so as to decrease resistance to market reforms and increase labor market flexibility remained a somewhat common objective to the neoliberal agenda across nations, governments understood “labor’s challenge” in different ways, due to their nations’ distinct histories of unionization, and utilized different strategies and means to deal with it. We show that such differences help explain why the union movement in Turkey has become more centralized and concentrated in the neoliberal era, while the union movement in Mexico has become more fragmented and decentralized