An ancient anatomic variation: bilateral elongated styloid process of cranium

The elongated stylohyoid process presents with considerable anatomic variability. We report here on an ancient cranium with bilateral elongated styloid process, 3.3 cm on the right side and 5.1 cm on the left side, found during the examination of excavated bones of 2000 years ago (first half of 1st century AD) from the old Greek-Roman city-of Leodikya in Turkey. We determined the gender as female, from the examination of the skeleton (especially skull and pelvic bones). No other variation was observed. On the basis of embryology, the reason for this variation may be partial ossification of the second pharyngeal arch cartilage in the region which commonly becomes the stylohyoid ligament. Although elongation of the styloid process is common, it is important to report this ancient variation, in order to help to compare the bone variations between ancient and modern humans and the contribution of genetic and environmental determinants

Efficacy of native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea, against bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Abstract The efficacy of the native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea TR-78-3, was evaluated against females of the bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), under laboratory conditions by two different methods as direct and indirect treatments. In the first method, conidial suspensions (1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia ml−1) of the fungus were directly applied to the beetles in Petri dishes (2 ml per dish), using a Potter spray tower. In the second method, the same conidial suspensions were applied on a sterile hazelnut branch placed in the Petri dishes. The LT50 and LT90 values of 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 were 4.78 and 5.94/days, for A. dispar in the direct application method, while they were 4.76 and 6.49/days in the branch application method. Similarly, LT50 and LT90 values of 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 for X. germanus were 4.18 and 5.62/days, and 5.11 and 7.89/days, for the direct and branch application methods, respectively. The efficiency of 1 × 106 conidia ml− 1 was lower than that of 1 × 108 against the beetles in both application methods. This study indicates that I. fumosorosea TR-78-3 had a significant potential as a biological control agent against A. dispar and X. germanus. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of the isolate on the pests under field conditions

The effects of zinc supplementation on oxidative stress and insulin secretion in B-cell with type-I diabetes mellitus-induced by streptozotocin

WOS: 000364786400184

The elevation of insulin secretion in streptozotocin-induced B-cell by zinc supplementation

WOS: 000364786400185

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (Turkish CAPS-5)

Background: In the subsequent revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) symptoms of diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are defined in four clusters and the number of PTSD symptoms was expanded to 20. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is the most widely used structured clinical interview and recognized as the golden standard in PTSD diagnosis. The final revision of the clinical interview form as the CAPS for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) was advanced in line with the recent revisions in DSM-5 with regards to the PTSD definition. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of CAPS-5 in clinical samples and healthy controls. Methods: In the present study, 30 inpatients with PTSD and 30 inpatients with major depressive disorder consecutively presented to the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic Yüzüncü Yıl University Research Hospital, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. All participants were included if only they reported an index trauma in the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) that bothered them during the past month. Subjects were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) along with the LEC-5, CAPS-5 and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). We used confirmatory factor analysis to compare a structured clinical interview (CAPS-5) and a self-report measure, the PCL-5 and to examine DSM-5 implied four-symptom clusters and several factor structures proposed in the literature to understand which model best represents the latent factor structure of PSTD symptoms. Using multivariate analysis of covariance, concurrent validity of both self-report and structured clinical interview was evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was utilized to obtain an optimal cut-off value of the PCL-5 scores in order to use in demarcating cases with non-cases. Results: Even though DSM-5 implied four-factor model adequately fit to either data collected using self-report or clinician-administered measures of PTSD, the latent structure of PTSD symptoms measured by either CAPS-5 or PCL-5 were best represented by six-factor Externalizing Behaviors model, particularly compared to seven-factor Hybrid model. In comparison to depressive and control groups, PTSD patients reported greater scores on the PCL-5, DES, BDI, and BAI and McNemar χ2 values between two applications with two weeks interval were unsubstantial. Additionally, PTSD patients exhibited greater symptom endorsement on B, C, D, E, F, G symptom clusters and dissociative subtype than depressive patients and controls. Using signal detection analysis, a significant area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the PCL-5 (AUC = 0.87 p < 0.001 asymptotic 95% Confidence Interval = 0.798–0.942). The PCL-5 had excellent diagnostic utility with 0.90 sensitivity and 0.80 specificity on a cut-off score ≥47. Conclusion: Turkish versions of the CAPS-5 and PCL-5 are demonstrated to have very good psychometric properties. Implications regarding the findings are discussed

The School Bullying in Sivas-Questionnaire Study

Violence among bullying, although not a new concept has increased steadily in the last period. This study, 9 and 10 in the grade of 1200 students applied to study through a survey of school violence prevention and inter-flow prevention was intended to put forward proposals for the solution in the center of Sivas. In determining the number of students included in the study stratified sampling method used and the selection of students was done with simple random sampling method. Questionnaire; sociodemographic characteristics and violence against the approach consists of containing the problem. Data SPSS (Ver: 10.0) were evaluated using the khi-square test. 722 of students (60.2%) men, 478 (39.8%) and girls, ages between 14-18 years and mean age 15.75 ± 0.85. Between gender differences in terms of violence and brute force is significant (p [Med-Science 2013; 2(4.000): 885-95

Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of Benign Tracheal Stenosis: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach

WOS: 000456816300003PubMed ID: 29877219Purpose: Surgical resection and reconstruction are considered the most appropriate approaches to treat post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS). Bronchoscopic methods can be utilized as palliative therapy in patients who are ineligible for surgical treatment or who develop post-surgical re-stenosis. We investigated treatment outcomes in patients with benign tracheal stenosis. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in patients who were diagnosed with PITS. Tracheal resection was performed for operable cases, whereas endoscopic interventions were preferred for inoperable cases with a complex or simple stenosis. Results: In total, 42 patients (23 treated by bronchoscopic methods, 19 treated by surgery) took part in this study. No significant differences were observed in segment length, the proportion of obstructed airways, or vocal cord distance between the two groups. In all, 15 patients in the bronchoscopic treatment group received a stent. Following the intervention, the cure rates in the bronchoscopic and surgical treatment groups were 43.47% and 94.7%, respectively. A multidisciplinary approach resulted in a cure or satisfactory outcome in 90.5% of the patients while failure was noted in 9.5% of the patients. Conclusion: Bronchoscopic methods are associated with a lower cure rate compared to surgery. A multidisciplinary approach was helpful for treatment planning in patients with PITS

Ergotamine-induced vasospastic ischemia mimicking arterial embolism: unusual case

WOS: 000344217100012PubMed ID: 25135025Ergotamine toxicity is an important and rare condition, including tachycardia, arterial spasm which occurring as a result of accidental overdosing or drug interactions. We assessed the consequences of delayed diagnosis of peripheral arterial vasoconstriction occurring after simultaneous macrolide use by a 35-year-old woman using an ergot-derived drug for migraine. Diagnosis of ergotamine intoxication begins with suspicion. Interventional radiologists and surgeons should be aware of this acute dangerous condition