Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq, Syria and Turkey

The aim of this study is to analyze the changing nature of water security and affiliated conflicts within the scope of security conceptualization at individual and state levels between the years 2000-2019. It was set out that water conflicts and water insecurity in Iraq, Syria and Turkey in the 20-year period after 2000 were caused by attacks to water resources and infrastructure at micro and mezzo levels, other than natural disasters such as climate change and reduced water resources. This research focuses on the water conflicts that have arisen in recent years, with some exceptions, not between states but by groups operating at regional levels. It has also been observed in recent years that terrorism-induced attacks have focused on waterways and threatens water security. The study focused on the conflicts occurring in Iraq, Syria and Turkey and the causes of these conflicts within the framework of comparative analysis method

What does Bill Gates' call mean? A policy transfer analysis on creating an early warning system to prevent the next pandemic

Objectives The purpose of this study is to discuss the need for an early warning system in order to prevent a new epidemic that may occur in the future and, if necessary, which system will be and how this warning system will be designed. Methods A qualitative analysis through the World Health Organization (WHO) documents, an interview with a key expert, and a policy transfer analysis was conducted. Results An early warning system is needed for new outbreaks that may occur in the future. We have seen that the Early Warning Alert and Response system (EWARs), which is implemented by WHO as a policy transfer in Syria, is successful in this area and the system can be easily adapted and established. The implementation of the system in Syria and the successful performance of the early warning system can be systematically transferred to other regions of the world with the policy transfer approach as a public health policy and the implementation phases in the study. The successful transfer of EWARs from WHO to Syria provides a good sample for the integration of a system developed by international and/or non-governmental organizations into an administration system of a state under pandemic and crises conditions