178 research outputs found
Numerical Study on Transient Heat Characteristics of a Rectangular Latent Heat Storage Vessel
Transient characteristics of the rectangular latent heat storage vessel packed with shape-stabilized phase change (solid-liquid) material (PCM) are investigated numerically
by solving the governing equations of both the PCM and the heat transfer medium(water) simultaneously as a conjugate problem with the finite difference technique. It's found that the heat storage characteristics are greatly affected by the flow direction of the heat transfer medium since the natural and forced convection coexists in the heat storage vessel. That is, it is classified that the effectively thermal efficiency of the latent heat storage system is obtained by the downflow along vertical PCM for heat storage process and the upflow for heat release process. The effect of the inlet velocity of heat transfer medium(water) on transient heat characteristics of the latent heat storage system is also revealed in the present study
THE FORMATION OF AMORPHOUS METALS BY LIQUID QUENCHING
The experimentally estimated cooling rates of liquid metals by the liquid quenching methods are described and the attainable cooling rates are discussed. The crystal nucleation and growth during cooling of liquid metals are examined both for the case of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in order to make an assessment of the critical cooling rate for the amorphous metal formation. The kinetics of crystallisation of amorphous metals studied by the dilatometry are shown and the relaxation time for the crystal nucleation is given to discuss in connection with the critical cooling rate near glass temperature
Numerical Analysis of Heat Storage Characteristics of a Small Heat Storage Vessel Packed with Phase-Change Material Encapsulated into Spherical Hollow
We numerically investigate heat storage characteristics of a small heat storage vessel packed with phase-change material (PCM) encapsulated into a spherical hollow. The heat storage vessel is dealt with as a porous medium, and the flow of the working fluid is analyzed two-dimensionally using the modified Darcian momentum equation which takes into account both the buoyancy effect and the channeling effect. The heat transfer in the encapsulated PCM is analyzed using a one-dimensional heat conduction model. It is clarified that the completion of the heat storage process is delayed by natural convection, since the incoming hot working fluid flows mainly near the upper part of the vessel. It is also found that the nonhomogeneity near the boundary walls prolongs the heat storage process since it decreases the flow resistance near the walls and promotes a bypass flow near the upper wall due to the natural convection. A nondimensional equation is derived for the time taken to complete heat storage, where the Fourier number is expressed as a function of the modified Stefan number, the modified Reynolds number and the modified Grashof number.è¿å¹Žããšãã«ã®ã®æå¹å©çšã®èŠ³ç¹ãããèç±æè¡ã«é¢ããç 究ã»éçºãçãã«è¡ãããŠããã倧åã®ãã«ç©ºèª¿çã®æ¯èŒç倧èŠæš¡ãªã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããŠãå®çšåãé²ãã§ãããããããªãããäžè¬å®¶åºçšã®èç±è£
眮ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãé»æ°æž©æ°Žåšã®æ®åã¯èŠããããã®ã®ããã®æ®åçã¯éåžžã«å°ããçŸç¶ã«ãããããã¯ãæ¢åã®é¡ç±èç±åèç±æ§œã¯èšåã倧ããããã空éçäœè£ã®ãªããã³ã·ã§ã³ãã¢ããŒãçãžã®èšçœ®ãå°é£ãªããšãäž»ãªåå ã§ãããèç±æ§œã®å°ååã»é«æ§èœåãéèŠãªèª²é¡ãšãªã£ãŠãããèè
ãã¯ãåå ±ã§ãæ¯èŒç倧ããªçã«ãã»ã«åæœç±èç±äœãå
å¡«ããå°åã®åçç¶èç±æ§œã®èç±ç¹æ§ã«åãŒãç±åªäœæµéåã³ç±åªäœæµå
¥æž©åºŠã®åœ±é¿ããçã«ãã»ã«çŽåŸåã³èç±æç©æ§å€ã®ç°ãªãäºçš®é¡ã®çã«ãã»ã«ãæœç±èäœã«ã€ããŠå®éšçã«æ€èšããããã®çµæãç±åªäœæµéã®å°ããæ¡ä»¶ã«ãããŠçãããèç±æ§œå
ã®äœæž©ã®ç±åªäœãšé«æž©ã®æµå
¥ç±åªäœãšã®å¯åºŠå·®ã«ããèªç¶å¯Ÿæµããæ¯èŒç倧ããªçã«ãã»ã«ã«ããèç±æ§œå
å£è¿åã®ãã£ã³ããªã³ã°æµãã«ãããç±åªäœãèç±æ§œå
ãè€éã«æµåããããšããèç±ç¹æ§ãæµãç¶æ
ã®åœ±é¿ãåãè€éã«å€åããããšãæããã«ãããåŸã£ãŠãæ§ã
ãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã®åœ±é¿ãåããè€éã«å€åãããç±åªäœã®æµåãèç±äœã®è解æåã詳现ã«æ€èšããããã®æ段ãšããŠãæ°å€è§£æã®å¿
èŠæ§ã«è¿«ãããŠãããçã«ãã»ã«ç¶æœç±èç±äœã®å
å¡«ãããèç±æ§œã«é¢ããæ°å€è§£ææ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåŸæ¥ããæ€èšããªãããŠãããããã®ã»ãšãã©ã«ãããŠã¯ãå£é¢è¿åã«ãããç±åªäœæµãã®äžå質æ§ãç¡èŠãåŸããèç±äœå¯žæ³ãèç±æ§œã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå°ããå Žåã察象ãšãããŠãããäžæ¹ãç§å±±ãã¯ãå£é¢è¿åäžå質é åã®åœ±é¿ãèæ
®ããæµå解æãè©Šã¿ãŠãããã圌ãã®æ¡çšããã¢ãã«ã§ã¯ãå£é¢è¿åã®èç±äœå
å¡«çãå®éãããå°ããèŠç©ãããããæ¯èŒç倧ããªç²åç¶èç±äœãçšããå Žåã«ã¯ãèç±éãéå°ã«è©äŸ¡ããããšã«ãªããããã«ãçç¶æœç±èç±äœãçšããèç±æ§œã«é¢ããŠã¯ãç±åªäœã®èªç¶å¯Ÿæµãèæ
®ãã解æã¯è¡ãããŠããªãçŸç¶ã«ãããæ¬å ±ã§ã¯ãå£é¢è¿åã§ã®èç±äœå
å¡«çãéå°ã«è©äŸ¡ããããšãªãæµåæµæçŸè±¡ã®è¡šçŸãå¯èœãªãçç¶ç²åå
å¡«å±€ã«é¢ããèè
ãã®æµåã¢ãã«ã«æµ®åã®é
ãä»å ããéåéã®åŒãçšããå£è¿åã®äžå質æ§ãšèªç¶å¯Ÿæµã®åæ¹ãèæ
®ããæ°å€è§£ææ³ã®ææ¡ãè©Šã¿ããåç容åšå
ã®å
±å察æµåé¡ã®è§£æã«ã¯å³å¯ã«ã¯äžæ¬¡å
ã¢ãã«ãå¿
èŠã§ããããèç±äœå
éšã®è§£æã«ã¯ããã«æ¬¡å
ãå¿
èŠãªãããè«å€§ãªèšç®æ©å®¹éãšèšç®æéãå¿
èŠãšãªããããã§æ¬ç 究ã§ã¯ãåå ±ã®åçç¶èç±æ§œããäž»èŠå¯žæ³ã®çããç©åœ¢èç±æ§œã«çœ®ãæããããšã§äºæ¬¡å
ã¢ãã«ãçšãã解æãè¡ãããªããæ¬å ±ã«ãããŠã¯ãåå ±ã§çšããçã«ãã»ã«çŽåŸåã³èç±æç©æ§å€ã®ç°ãªãäºçš®é¡ã®çã«ãã»ã«åæœç±èç±äœã察象ã«è§£æãè¡ããææ¡ãã解ææ³ã®åŠ¥åœæ§ãçš®ã
ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«ã€ããŠæ€èšãããšå
±ã«ãçš®ã
ã®ç±åªäœæµå
¥æž©åºŠåã³ç±åªäœæµéæ¡ä»¶ã«ã€ããŠã解æãè¡ããç±åªäœã®æµåæåã«åãŒãèªç¶å¯Ÿæµã®åœ±é¿ãããã«äŒŽãèç±æåã®å€åã«ã€ããŠã詳现ãªæ€èšãè¡ããããã«ãå£é¢è¿åã«ãããäžå質æ§ãèªç¶å¯Ÿæµã®åœ±é¿ãç¡èŠãã解æãè¡ãããããã®æé€ã«ããèç±ç¹æ§ã®å€åã«ã€ããŠãæ€èšãè¡ã
Condensation of Nonazeotropic Refrigerant Mixture R114/R113 in Horizontal Annuli with an Enhanced Inner Tube : Experimental Results
Local heat transfer and pressure drop measurements were made during condensation of a nonazeotropic refrigerant mixture R114/R113 in the annuli of horizontal double-tube condensers. The inner tube was a 19.1mm o.d. corrugated copper tube with soldered wire fins on the outer surface. The outer tubes were smooth tubes with inside diameter D_i of 29.9 and 25.0mm. The pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient based on the bulk vapor-to-wall temperature difference were considerably smaller for R114/R113 than for R113. The vapor phase mass transfer coefficient β_n was higher for larger test fluid mass velocity G and D_i. At constant values of G and D_i, β_n was higher for larger condensation mass flux. The radial distribution of the vapor temperature was affected by the vapor velocity, becoming flatter at the outer part of the annulus and steeper near the liquid-vapor interface as the vapor velocity increased.èžæ°å§çž®åŒããŒããã³ããå·åæ©ãªã©ã®æ瞟ä¿æ°ãåäžãããããã®äžæ¹çãšããŠããŒã¬ã³ããµã€ã¯ã«ãææ¡ããããã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«è¿ã¥ããããšã®ã§ããéå
±æ²ž2æåæ··åå·åªãå®çšããã€ã€ããããããããã®å·åªãåçž®ããéã«ã¯äœæ²žç¹èžæ°ãäžåçž®ã¬ã¹ãšé¡äŒŒã®æåã瀺ããããåçž®äŒç±æ§èœãåæåèžæ°ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠäœäžããããããã£ãŠããã®å·åªãçšããåçž®åšã®æ§èœåäžãå³ãããã«ã¯ãå瞮液èã®ç±æµæãšæ··åæ°ã®æ¡æ£æµæã®äž¡è
ãæžå°ãããå¿
èŠããããèè
ãã¯åæã§çŽå·åªçšã®äŒç±ä¿é²ç®¡ã®äžçš®ã§ããã¯ã€ã€ãã£ã³ä»ãã³ã«ã²ãŒã管ãå
管ãšããæ°Žå¹³äºé管ç°ç¶éšã«ãããéå
±æ²žæ··åå·åªR114/R113ã®åçž®å®éšãè¡ããå§åéäžã®æ©æŠæåã¯çŽå·åªã«å¯Ÿããå®éšåŒã§æŽçã§ããããšãåçž®åŽã®ç±æµæã«ãããæ°çžã®ç±æµæã®å²åã¯å·åªæµéã®å¢å€§ã«ã€ããŠæžå°ããããšã瀺ããããããŠãæ··åæ°çžã®ç©è³ªäŒéä¿æ°ãå管äžã®åŒ·å¶å¯Ÿæµåçž®çè«ããå°ãããç¡æ¬¡å
ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãçšããŠæŽçãããããããããäžè¬æ§ã®ããæŽçåŒãåŸãããã«ã¯ãã£ã³åœ¢ç¶ãå
å€ç®¡åŸæ¯ãªã©ã®åœ±é¿ãæããã«ããå¿
èŠãããããªããããã³ç³»éå
±æ²ž2æåæ··åå·åªã®ç®¡å
ãã·ã§ã«åŽãããã¯ç°ç¶éšã«ãããåçž®ã«ã€ããŠã¯æè¿å€ãã®å®éšçç 究ãå ±åãããŠããããæ··åæ°çžã®ç©è³ªäŒéã«ã€ããŠæ€èšãããã®ã¯å°ãªããå®éšããŒã¿ã®èç©ãæãŸãããæ¬å ±ã§ã¯ãåå ±ã®å
管ãšãã£ã³é
åãå€å°ç°ãªã管ãå
管ãšããå
åŸã®ç°ãªã2çš®é¡ã®å¹³æ»ç®¡ãå€ç®¡ãšããæ°Žå¹³äºé管ç°ç¶éšã«ãããR114/R113ã®åçž®å®éšãè¡ããåå ±ã®çµæãšæ¯èŒããããŸããæ··åæ°çžã®æž©åºŠååžæž¬å®çµæã«ã€ããŠãè¿°ã¹ã
Heat Storage Characteristics of an Inclined Rectangular Heat Storage Vessel Packed with Plate Type of Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material
The present study deals with the heat storage characteristics of the inclined rectangular vessel packed with spape-stabilized paraffin plates as a latent heat storage material by numerical analysis. It was found that the heat storage characteristics were remarkedly affected by the inclination angle of the rectangular vessel and the heat transfer medium flow direction, due to the presence of natural convection in the fluid flow channel between the paraffin plates. Numerical results revealed flow patterns, temperature profiles and heat storage characteristics for various inclination angles, inlet velocities and temperatures of the heat transfer medium fluid, and widths of the fluid flow channel.äžè¬ã«ãæœç±èç±æ§œã®èç±éçšã§ã¯ãç±åªäœæµéã極åå°ããããããšã«ãããå§åæ倱ã®è»œæžãç±åªäœã®æã€ç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æå¹å©çšãå³ãè©Šã¿ããªãããŠãããããã«æœç±ã®æŸç±éçšã§ã¯ãå°ããªç±åªäœæµéã«ãããäžå®ã®é«æž©æ°Žæºã§ã®ç±æœåºãå¯èœãšãªããäŸãã°ãéœè€ãã®ç 究ã«ãããŠã¯ãçã«ãã»ã«ãå
å¡«ããåç圢èç±æ§œå
ç±åªäœã®æµéã¯10mm/s以äžã®äœæµéé åã§ããããŸããé¿éšãã®å ±åããåçç¶èç±æå
å¡«èç±æ§œå
ã®ç±åªäœæµéã¯çŽ0.5mm/sãšæ¥µããŠå°ãããã®ã§ããããã®ããã«ãç±åªäœã®åŒ·å¶å¯Ÿæµã«ããæµéãå°ããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¶æ³ã«ãã£ãŠèç±æ§œå
ã®ç±åªäœæµè·¯ã«çºçããèªç¶å¯Ÿæµããã®ç±äŒéç¹æ§ã倧ããå·Šå³ããããšã«ãªãã匷å¶ïŒèªç¶å
±å察æµã®æ€èšãå¿
èŠãšãªããæµè·¯å
ã®åŒ·å¶ïŒèªç¶å
±å察æµã«èµ·å ããäŒç±çŸè±¡ã¯æµè·¯åœ¢ç¶ãéåæ¹åã«å¯Ÿãã匷å¶å¯Ÿæµã®æµãæ¹åãæµè·¯ã®å ç±ãŸãã¯å·åŽæ¡ä»¶ãªã©è«žå åã«ãã£ãŠè€éãªæ§çžãåããã匷å¶ïŒèªç¶å
±å察æµäŒç±çŸè±¡ã¯ãé»åæ©åšã®é€ç±ã倧æŽå·ç±åšãªã©ã«ãããŠæ°å€ãèŠãããããã®å Žåã®äŒç±çŸè±¡ã®è§£æçæ±ãã¯ç©åœ¢æµè·¯å£ã®ç±å¢çæ¡ä»¶ãšããŠçæž©ãããŠçç±æµæã®åºå®æ¡ä»¶ã®å Žåã倧åã§ããã®å£é¢æž©åºŠããã®å
éšã«æãçžå€åç©è³ªã®æœç±åžåãæŸåºã«ããå€åãããããªå Žåã¯ã»ãšãã©åãäžããããŠããªãçŸç¶ã«ãããèè
ãã¯åçŽé
眮ããç©åœ¢æœç±èç±æ§œå
ã®èç±åã³æŸç±ç¹æ§ã«å€§ãã圱é¿ãåãŒãããšãæããã«ããŠãããäŸãã°ãç±åªäœå
¥å£æµéãV=0.2mm/sã®æŸç±éçšã«ãããŠã¯ãäžåãæµãïŒåŒ·å¶å¯Ÿæµæ¹åã¯éåæ¹åãšåãå ŽåïŒã«ãããŠã¯ãäžåãæµãïŒåŒ·å¶å¯Ÿæµæ¹åã¯éåæ¹åãšéã®å ŽåïŒã«æ¯èŒããŠãæµè·¯å
ã«çºçããèªç¶å¯Ÿæµãç±äŒéãé»å®³ãããã®æŸç±å®äºæéã倧å¹
ã«å¢å€§ããçµæãšãªããæ¬ç 究ã¯ãå¹³æ¿ç¶åœ¢ç¶å®å®ååŠçãã©ãã£ã³æœç±èç±æãå
å¡«ãããç©åœ¢èç±æ§œãç 究察象ãšããäºæ¬¡å
éå®åžžæ°å€è§£æã«ãããç©åœ¢èç±æ§œãåŸæããããšã«ããèªç¶å¯Ÿæµãæå¶ããå Žåã«ããã匷å¶ïŒèªç¶å
±å察æµç±äŒéã®èç±ç¹æ§ã«åãŒãå¹æãæ€èšãããã®ã§ãããããã«ãç±åªäœèç±æ§œå
¥å£æµéãå
¥å£æž©åºŠåã³ç±åªäœæµè·¯å¹
ã®èç±ç¹æ§ã«åãŒã圱é¿ã䜵ããŠæ€èšãè¡ã£ãŠãã
Liquid-Liquid Direct Contact Heat Exchange Using a Perfluorocarbon Liquid for Waste Heat Recovery : Heat Transfer Characteristics obtained with Perfluorocarbon Droplets Descending in a Hot Water Medium
This paper deals with the heat transfer characteristics of a liquid-liquid direct contact operation in which a Perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquid is released in a hot water stream, a low-grade heat source such as urban sewage, for the purpose of heat recovery from it. The paper reports on a set of experiments in which a PFC liquid (1800 kg/m^3 at 20â) was continuously injected from a single, downward-facing nozzle into a slow, upward flow of hot water to be disintegrated into droplets descending in, and thereby heated from the water flow. The results of the experiments show how the size distribution and the translational motions of the droplets affect the overall coefficient for the water-flow-to-droplets heat transfer and also the temperature effectiveness for the droplets.è¿å¹Žãæªå©çšãšãã«ã®ãŒæŽ»çšã®èŠ³ç¹ãããå·¥å Žã家åºæž©ææ°Žãªã©ãç±æºãšããŠå©çšããå»ç±ååçšç±äº€æåšã®éçºãæ¥åãšãªã£ãŠãããåŸæ¥ã®ã·ã§ã«ã¢ã³ããã¥ãŒããªã©ã®éå£å亀æåšã§ã¯ãäŒç±é¢ã«ææ°Žäžã®ãã¿ãã¹ã±ãŒã«ãå ç©ãããã®äŒç±å¹çãèããäœäžããçã®åé¡ç¹ããã£ãããã®åé¡è§£æ±ºãšããŠããã®ãããªæ±æ¿ææ°Žäžã«ãé氎溶æ§ç±åªäœãåŽå°ã»æ³šå
¥ããçŽæ¥æ¥è§Šç±äº€æã«ãããç±æœåºãå¯èœãšãªãããã®ãããªçŽæ¥æ¥è§Šç±äº€ææ³ã¯ãåäœå£äŒç±é¢ã®æ±ãã«ããäŒç±å¹çäœäžã®åé¡ããªããªããå»ç±ååçšç±äº€ææ¹åŒãšããŠæ¥µããŠæå¹ã§ãããããã«ããã®ç±äº€ææ³ã¯ãåäœå£ãä»ããªãããã«é«ãç±ééçãåŸãããå°æž©åºŠå·®ã§ã®ç±äº€æã«æå¹ã§ããããŸãã液ïŒæ¶²ã®çŽæ¥æ¥è§Šããçé¢ãããã®ãŸãŸäŒç±é¢ã«çžåœãããããåäœäœç©åœããã®äŒç±é¢ç©ãå¢å ããå©ç¹ãæãããæ¬ç 究ã¯ãäžæ°Žçã®æ±ããç±æ°Žæºããå¹ççãªç±ååãããæ段ãšããŠæ¶²æ¶²çŽæ¥ç±äº€ææ³ã«æ³šç®ãããã®ã§ãããç±åååªäœãšããŠããçŽ ç³»äžæŽ»æ§æ¶²äœãç±æºæ°ŽãžåŽå°ãã圢æããããçŽ ç³»äžæŽ»æ§æ¶²æ»ŽçŸ€ãšç±æºæ°Žã®çŽæ¥æ¥è§Šã«ãããæµååã³ç±äŒéç¹æ§ãæ€èšãããã®ã§ãããããªãã¡ãå圢ååããºã«ããé«å¯åºŠã®ããçŽ ç³»äžæŽ»æ§æ¶²äœãç±æºã§ãã枩氎槜ãžäžéšããåŽå°ãããã®æ¶²æ»ŽçŸ€åœ¢æéçšã®èŠ³å¯åã³æ¶²æ»ŽçŸ€ã®æµãã®ç¹æ§ã®è§£æãéããŠãç±æ°Žæºããã®çŽæ¥ç±äº€ææ³ã«ããç±æœåºã«é¢ããåºç€ç¹æ§ãæããã«ããããšãç®çãšãããæçµçã«ããã®çš®ã®ç±æºæ°Žããã®ç±åååªäœãšããŠããçŽ ç³»äžæŽ»æ§æ¶²äœãçšããå Žåã«ãããå®çšã«å¯äžããç¡æ¬¡å
ç±äŒéççã«é¢ããå®éšæŽçåŒã®æ€èšããè¡ããã®ã§ãã
Flow Resistance and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Water Solution Flow with Surfactant in Circular Tubes
The reduction characteristics of flow resistance and heat transfer of water solution flow with the surfactant (Cetyltrimethyl-ammonium Bromide) in tubes were investigated experimentally. The flow resistance and heat transfer of Water solution flow with the surfactant were markedly reduced as compared with those of pure water flow. Useful nondimensional correlative equations of flow resistance and heat transfer were derived in terms of various non-dimensional parameters.è¿å¹Žãç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å¹ççãªç®¡å
茞éæ段ãšããŠãæž©å·æ°Žã«ããçš®ã®éç¶é«ååãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ·»å ãããã®ç®¡å
å§åæ倱ã®äœæžå¹æïŒãã ãºå¹æïŒãå©çšããè©Šã¿ã泚ç®ãããŠããããã ãºå¹æã¯ãæ°ïœæ°åppmçšåºŠã®éç¶é«ååãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ°Žã«æ·»å ããããšã«ããã管å
æµåæµæ軜æžå¹æãæå³ãã管å
茞éã«ãããŠãæ©æŠæ倱ã®æžå°ã«ããæµéå¢å ããã³ãååã®æžå°ãæåŸ
ã§ããããã®ãã ãºå¹æã®ã¡ã«ããºã ã¯ãæ·»å ããéç¶é«ååã糞巻ãç¶ïŒã©ã³ãã ã³ã€ã«ç¶ïŒãšãªã£ãŠæµäœäžã«æ··åãããã®ã©ã³ãã ã³ã€ã«ãä¹±æµæžŠã®çºçãçºéãææ¢ããããšãšãããŠãããäžæ¹ãããçš®ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã¯ããã®æ·»å æ¿åºŠãå¢å€§ãããšæ£ç¶ã®ãã»ã«æ§é ã圢æããéç¶é«ååã®ã©ã³ãã ã³ã€ã«ãšåãåãããããšèšãããŠããããã ãºå¹æãæåŸ
ã§ããçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšããŠãã«ããªã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã§ããèåã»ãã«ããªã¡ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ïŒç¥ããŠãCTABïŒååé364.46ãå³1åç
§ïŒãæ·»å ãã氎溶液ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãé«ååç³»ã®ãã®ãšæ¯èŒããŠãããæåã«ããå£åãå°ãªãã埪ç°ç³»ãžã®å©çšã«é©ããŠãããšèãããããããããªãããïŒCTABïŒæ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã®ãããªçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ·»å ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã ãºå¹æãæå¹ã«äœçšããã«ã¯ããã»ã«æ§é ã®åœ¢æã«é¢ä¿ãã枩床ç¯å²ãååšãããã®äœ¿çšæ¡ä»¶ãéãããããŸããäžè¬ã«éãã¥ãŒãã³æµäœã§ããããããã®ç¹æ§ã®è§£æã«ã¯å°é£ãã䌎ããã®ã§ãããæ¬ç 究ã¯ãé«åå氎溶液ãšããŠããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒç¥ããŠãPEGïŒå¹³åååéçŽ200äžïŒããããŠçé¢æŽ»æ§å€æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšããŠCTABã䜿çšãã䞡氎溶液ã®ç²æ§ç¹æ§ãæããã«ããåŸãPEG氎溶液ã®ã®ç®¡æ©æŠä¿æ°ãç±äŒéçã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒãè«žå åã®å¹æãå®æž¬ãããã®çš®ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã®æµåæµæ軜æžããã³ç±äŒéç¹æ§ã解æãããã®ã§ãã
Condensation of Nonazeotropic Refrigerant Mixture R114/R113 in Horizontal Annuli with an Enhanced Inner Tube : Correlation of Frictional Pressure Drop and Vapor Phase Mass Transfer
Frictional pressure gradient and vapor phase mass transfer correlations were developed for condensation of nonazeotropic refrigerant mixture R114/R113 in the annuli of horizontal double tubes with an enhanced inner tube. The frictional pressure gradient data were correlated fairly well by a previously developed empirical equation for condensation of pure refrigerants. The vapor phase mass transfer correlation was based on the previous results for turbulent flow in smooth and rough tubes with and without surface suction. For given conditions of vapor and tube wall, the heat transfer coefficient can be calculated by using the correlations for the vapor phase mass transfer coefficient and the heat transfer coefficient for the condensate film. The calculated values agree with the measured data to a mean absolute deviation of 14.3%.èžæ°å§çž®åŒããŒããã³ããå·åæ©ã®æ瞟ä¿æ°åäžãããããšã®ã§ããäœååªäœãšããŠãéå
±æ²ž2æåæ··åå·åªãææèŠãããŠãããæè¿ãã®åçž®ç±äŒéã«é¢ããç 究ãéçºã«è¡ãããŠãããéå
±æ²ž2æåæ··åå·åªãåçž®ããéã«ã¯ãäœæ²žç¹èžæ°ãäžåçž®ã¬ã¹ãšé¡äŒŒãªæåã瀺ããããç±äŒéä¿æ°ãåæåèžæ°ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠäœäžããããããã£ãŠããã®å·åªãçšããåçž®åšã«ã€ããŠã¯æ¶²èã®äŒç±ä¿é²ãšãšãã«æ··åæ°ã®ç©è³ªäŒéä¿é²ãã¯ããå¿
èŠããããèè
ãã¯äŒç±ä¿é²ç®¡ã®äžçš®ã§ããã¯ã€ã€ãã£ã³ä»ãã³ã«ã²ãŒã管ãå
管ãšããæ°Žå¹³äºé管ã®ç°ç¶éšã«ãããå·åªR11ããã³R113ãªãã³ã«éå
±æ²žæ··åå·åªR114/R113ã®åçž®ãªé¢ããäžé£ã®å®éšãè¡ããå§åéäžãšç±äŒéã®ç¹æ§ãæããã«ãããR114/R113ã«é¢ãã第1å ±ã§ã¯æ¶²èã®äŒç±ç¹æ§ãR113ã®å Žåãšåäžã§ãããšä»®å®ããŠãæ··åæ°çžã®ç©è³ªäŒéä¿æ°ãæ±ããå管äžã®åŒ·å¶å¯Ÿæµåçž®çè«ããå°ãããç¡æ¬¡å
ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãçšããŠããŒã¿æŽçãè¡ã£ãããŸããå§åéäžã®æ©æŠæåã¯çŽå·åªã«å¯Ÿããå®éšåŒã«ãã£ãŠè¯å¥œã«æŽçã§ããããšã瀺ããã第2å ±ã§ã¯ã第1å ±ã®å
管ãšãã£ã³é
åãå€å°ç°ãªãå
管ã䜿çšããå€ç®¡å
åŸã2çš®é¡ã«å€åãããŠæ··åæ°çžã®ç©è³ªäŒéç¹æ§ããã詳现ã«èª¿ã¹ãããã®çµæã第1å ±ã§åŸãããç©è³ªäŒéã®åŒã¯å瞮質éæµæã®åœ±é¿ãããè¡šçŸãããã質éé床ã®åœ±é¿ããã³äºæž¬ç²ŸåºŠã«é¢ããŠã¯ååã§ãªãããšãæããã«ãªã£ããæ¬å ±ã§ã¯ã管å
ã®ä¹±æµç±ã»ç©è³ªäŒéã«é¢ããåŸæ¥ã®å®éšããã³çè«è§£æã®çµæãããšã«ããŠãããäžè¬æ§ã®ããç©è³ªäŒéã®æŽçåŒãå°ãããŸããå§åéäžã®æ©æŠæåã®æŽçæ³ã«ã€ããŠãæ€èšããããªããèšå·è¡šäžã«ã¯æ¬å ±ã§çšããäž»ãªèšå·ã®ã¿åæããããã®ä»ã®èšå·ã¯ç¬¬2å ±ãšåäžã§ãã
Management of Lumbar Artery Injury Related to Pedicle Screw Insertion
We report on 2 patients who experienced injury to one of their lumbar arteries related to pedicle screw misplacement. In this report, the lumbar pedicle screw holes were made laterally with resultant injury to the lumbar artery. During surgery, arterial bleeding was controlled with pressure and gauze;
however, the patients experienced vital shock after surgery. Vital shock ensued and they were rescued by catheter embolization. If patients receiving lumbar instrumentation surgery experience severe anemia or vital shock postoperatively, the surgeon should assume lumbar artery injury as a differential diagnosis
è±èªæè²ç 究ã«ãããããã¹ãããŒã¿ã®åææ¯èŒïŒGrounded Theory Approachãšèšéããã¹ãåæã®å Žå
- âŠ