Addressing Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar and Evaluating Indoor Air Quality in Gers with Cooking, Heating, and Insulation Packages (CHIP)

Conducted by the nonprofit organization Breathe Mongolia—Clean Air Coalition, this study investigated ambient air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, focusing on the significant role of coal briquette combustion within ger areas. This combustion not only contributes to outdoor air pollution but also significantly degrades indoor air quality within these traditional dwellings, leading to substantial health concerns. To address this challenge, the study assessed indoor air pollution in gers—traditional Mongolian yurts—that had implemented Cooking, Heating, and Insulation Packages (CHIP), a program offering subsidized electrical heating, cooking, and insulation materials. The study encompassed 28 gers, among which 25 were equipped with CHIP while 3 were not, enabling a comparative analysis. Employing cost-effective technology, carbon monoxide levels were monitored across all 28 gers using Binary System monitors. Fine particulate matter concentrations were measured using AirVisual monitors in 14 of these gers. Data collection occurred during the winter of 2022–2023. To comprehensively assess indoor air quality within gers and ascertain the efficacy of interventions like CHIP in diminishing indoor air pollution, Breathe Mongolia intends to continue monitoring efforts within ger areas. These initiatives strive to address data gaps and inform strategies aimed at enhancing indoor air quality