Relativistic Energies and Scattering Phase Shifts for the Fermionic Particles Scattered by Hyperbolical potential with the Pseudo (Spin) Symmetry

In this paper, we studied the approximate scattering state solutions of the Dirac equation with the hyperbolical potential with pseudospin and spin symmetries. Using a suitable short range approximation within the formalism of functional analytical method, we obtained the spin-orbit quantum numbers dependent scattering phase shifts for the spin and pseudospin symmetries. The normalization constants, lower and upper radial spinor for the two symmetries and the relativistic energy spectra were presented. Our results reveal that both the symmetry constants (C_ps and C_s) and the spin-orbit quantum number \k{appa} affect scattering phase shifts significantly.Comment: 5 tables, 4 figures, 17 page

Dataset on radioactivity measurement of Beryllium mining field in Ifelodun and gold mining field in Moro, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria

This work contains dataset of measured activity concentra- tions of 40 K, 238 U, 232 Th and gamma doses at 1 m above the ground level over Beryllium and Gold mining fields in Ifelodun and Moro respectively, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria. A well calibrated Super-Spec (RS-125) gamma spec- trometer was used to carry out these measurements. Mea- surements were carried out manually in 72 randomly se- lected sample points. Statistical analyses of the data were explored to infer potential statistical relationships. The ob- tained dataset is presented for further assessment that can offer insights into the safety state of Ifelodu, Moro and their environs from radiation protection point of view. The data in this study could serve as a substantial baseline radiological data of the region for future monitoring and epidemiology research

Radioactivity levels and transfer factor for granite mining field in Asa, North-central Nigeria

Natural radioactivity measurement and dose assessment are important aspects of radiation protection. The goal of this study is to validate the previous results obtained from the in-situ measurements in the study area in order to ascertain the level of radiation hazards to the populaces living around the mining site.A3 � 3-inch lead-shielded NaI(Tl) detector was used to measure the activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and232Thin soil, water and guinea corn grain samples collected from a granite mining field in Asa, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria. The overall mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th are 441.06, 11.51 and 15.42 Bqkg�1for the soil samples, 20.67, 0.66, and 0.88 BqL�1 for the water samples and 214.31, 5.25 and 8.86 Bqkg�,1respectively for the grain samples. The bioaccumulation/transfer factors are 0.49, 0.46 and 0.58 for 40K,238U and 232Th respectively. The mean values of all the radiological hazard parameters are within the permissible limit recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Consequently, the risk of indoor and outdoor gamma radiation exposure is comparatively less for these Granite soils. Hence, the results in this study will reference future studies in terms of basic radiological data

A study of environmental radioactivity measurement of selected Kaolin mining fields in Kwara, Nigeria

This article reports an in-situ measurements of the background gamma radiation dose rates and the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K, at kaolin mining-fields in Ilorin-south and Ilorin-west, Kwara, Nigeria. Readings were recorded in 90 randomly selected sample points. For Ilorin-south mining site 50 sample points were recorded, while 40 randomly selected sample points were considered for Ilorinwest mining site. A handheld RS-125 Super-Spec gamma spectrometer was utilized to perform the radioactivity measurements on both mine fields. The results of the activity concentrations showed that the locations are enhanced with 40K activity concentration compared with 238U and 232Th. The mean values of 40K, 238U, 232Th and DR for Ilorinwest were found to be 492.19, 35.63, 44.07 Bqkg−1 and 63.28 nGyh−1, respectively. While the mean values for the measured activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, 232Th and DR for Ilorin-south are 263.55, 52.24, 31.29 Bqkg−1 and 54.71 nGyh−1, respectively. Consequently, the mean values of the estimated radiological hazard parameters of Ilorin-west were higher than the estimated mean values for Ilorin-south. This shows that the Ilorin-west Kaolin mine field poses more significant source of radiation hazard. The results in this current work can be used as a significant baseline radioactivity data of the mining areas in Nigeria for future epidemiology and monitoring purposes

Radiological Hazard Assessment of Sharp-Sand from Ilorin- East, Kwara State, Nigeria

Measurement of activity concentration of primordial radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 238U and the corresponding gamma dose rate over a major sharp-sand field in Ilorin, Nigeria, was carried out using Super Spec RS125 gamma ray spectrometer. The RS125 gamma spectrometer gives in-situ measurement of radioactivity concentration. Measurements were taken in 50 locations. The peak values of the measured activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, 232Th, the dose rate (D) and the resulting annual effective dose (AED) are 688.60, 48.17, 30.86 Bqkg-1, 49.50 nGyh-1 and 0.06 mSvy-1 respectively, while their corresponding lowest values are 31.30, 1.24, 0.41 Bqkg-1, 4.70 nGyh-1, and 0.01 mSvy-1 respectively. The estimated mean values of 40K, 232Th, 238U, the gamma dose rate (D) and AED are 454.48, 13.52, 11.63 Bqkg-1, 32.96 nGyh-1 and 0.04 mSvy-1 respectively. Consequently, the mean values of the measured radionuclides and the hazard parameters i.e. dose rate and annual effective dose are within the permissible levels. This follows that the risk of radiation exposure for this location is comparatively less, but the general public may not be safe from exposure to indoor ionizing radiation since no amount of radiation is safe for stochastic effects

Soil-to-plant transfer of 40K, 238U and 232Th and radiological risk assessment of selected mining sites in Nigeria

One of the major route through which humans are exposed to ionizing radiation is via food chain, which is consequent of soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides. This work reported the activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in samples of water, soil and guinea corn grains collected from Beryllium and Gold mining sites in Kwara, Nigeria. In-situ measurements at approximately 1 m in the air was carried out using a well-calibrated portable Gamma Spectrometer (Super Spec RS-125), while the soil, water and the guinea corn samples were analyzed using a ‘3 × 3’ inch lead-shielded NaI (Tl) detector. The measured activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides in the soil from both mines are lower than the in-situ measurements. This was attributed to the contribution from other terrestrial materials on-site. The estimated mean transfer factors (TFs) for 40K, 238U and 232Th are 0.21, 0.17 and 0.31, and 0.46, 0.19 and 0.28 respectively for the Beryllium and Gold mining sites. While the TFs for 238U and 232Th exceeded the mean value of 0.0062 and 0.0021 for 238U and 232Th respectively, the TFs for 40K are well below the 0.74 for cereals grains provided by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The radiation impact assessment using the Monte Carlo simulations reveals values that were generally less than the global average values provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Hence, the risk of cancer inducement due to radiation exposure is within the acceptable limits for both mining sites

Analytical comparison between X(3) and X(5) models of the Bohr Hamiltonian

The 3-D Bohr-Mottelson Hamiltonian for $\gamma$-rigid prolate isotopes, known as $X(3)$, is solved via inverse square potential having only one free parameter, $\beta_{0}$. The exact form of the wave functions and the energy spectra are obtained as a function of the free parameter of the potential that determines the changes in the spectra ratios and the $B(E2)$. Since $X(3)$ is an exactly separable $\gamma$-rigid version of $X(5)$, the solutions are compared with the $X(5)$ model and some new set of equations that show the relationships between the two models are stated. In other to show the dynamical symmetry nature of the solutions, the entire solutions from $\beta_{0}=0$ to $\beta_{0}=\infty$ are compared with $U(5)$, $X(5)$ and $SU(3)$. The solutions spread from the region around $U(5)$ over $X(5)$ and approach $SU(3)$ at $\beta_{0}=\infty$. The exact solutions obtained via variational procedure are compared favourably with some existing $X(3)$ models found in the literature. The strong agreement between the present model and $X(3)$ via infinite square well potential is discussed. Twelve best critical point isotopes, $^{102}$Mo, $^{104-108}$Ru, $^{120-126}$Xe, $^{148}$Nd, $^{184-188}$Pt are chosen for experimental realization of the model and moderate agreements are recorded. An excellent agreement which appears in the first $\beta$-excited state in the comparison of the present model with three $N=90$ isotones: $^{150}$Nd, $^{154}$Gd, and $^{156}$Dy, known to be $X(5)$ candidates, suggests that the present model compensates the $X(5)$ models whose predictions are excellent in the ground states but moderately bad in the first $\beta$-excited states.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 7 table

Analytical comparison between X(3) and X(5) models of the Bohr Hamiltonian

The 3-D Bohr-Mottelson Hamiltonian for γ-rigid prolate isotopes is solved via inverse square potential having only one free parameter, β0. The exact form of the wave functions and the energy spectra are obtained as a function of the free parameter that determines the changes in the spectra ratios and the B(E2). The solutions are compared with the X(5) model and some new set of equations that show the relationships between the two models are stated. The entire solutions from β0=0 to ∞ are compared with U(5), X(5) and SU(3). The solutions spread from the region around U(5) over X(5) and approach SU(3) at β0=∞. The exact solutions obtained via variational procedure are compared with some existing X(3) models in the literature. The strong agreement between the present model and X(3) via infinite square well potential is discussed. Twelve best critical point isotopes, 102Mo, 104−108Ru, 120−126Xe, 148Nd, 184−188Pt are chosen for experimental realization of the model and moderate agreements are recorded. An excellent agreement which appears in the first β-excited state in the comparison of the present model with three N=90 isotones: 150Nd, 154Gd, and 156Dy, known to be X(5) candidates, suggests that the present model compensates the X(5) models whose predictions are excellent in the ground states but moderately bad in the first β-excited states