Oil Resource as a Major Source of Insecurity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Resource conflict in the Niger Delta of Nigeria has become hydra-headed despite the amnesty granted by the Federal Government in 2009. Historically, the discovery of oil in commercial quantity and its exploitation rather than become a blessing to the local communities have become a source of worry, tension, and contestation over resource control, environmental degradation, and minority marginalization. The government and multi-national companies exploring the oil resource are pitched against the minority oil communities. While the minority oil communities see oil as God’s gift for their benefit, the Nigerian state sees it as a gift to the geo-political entity called Nigeria. These different perspectives have engendered low and high intensity conflicts with the state using state-centric security strategies to suppress rebellion or opposition to oil exploitation. In view of this state centric approach to security problems in the Niger Delta, this paper examines the various asymmetric methods used by the militants to counter government’s state centric measures. It is revealed that militants use sabotage, vandalism, kidnapping, oil-bunkering, hostage taking, killings, assaults and disruption of oil business as asymmetric methods. While these asymmetric methods have forced government to put in palliative measures, it is discovered that Niger Delta still remains largely militarized. It is, thus, argued in this paper that only proper legislation on resource management in a democratic setting can solve the problem of resource conflict and insecurity in the area. It is suggested that the New Petroleum Industry Bill should be given accelerated hearing by the legislators to enhance local communities’ participation in oil business in Nigeria. Government also needs to develop Niger Delta area and address environmental challenges. Keywords: Niger delta, Oil resource, Asymmetric method, Resource management, State-centric securit

Water and Development Challenges in Nigeria

A paper presentation on Water and development challenges in Nigeria can never come at a better time than now. It has been carefully written, with respect to previous publications and works done in the light of the Water Sector of Nigeria. The Nigerian Government has long considered the provision of water supply and sanitation services to be the domain of the federal, state and local governments. However, the public sector has not been successful in meeting more than a small portion of the demand for water and sanitation of residential and commercial users. Services are in critically short supply. For example, out of the 85 million people living in urban and semi-urban areas, less than half have reasonable access to reliable water supply. It is the keen interest of the writer to bring forward the various challenges of the sector and probable solutions. It has been said, for the system to come alive, every mechanism of the system needs to be forthcoming. The Government should be the Referee; the policy making and implementing arm, the various investors and finally the populace, who doubles as the costumer and also the consumer. It is the expectation this work would generate the interest of the various Organs of the Nigerian Government, Water Sector Investors, NGOs, External Partners and the entire populace that we need to play our individual role to make the Sector a worthy one, thereby eradicating poverty, unemployment and various ills that seems to be contributed by this vague negligence and mass failure

Water Supply Challenges of a University Community: The Case Study of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD) Ekiti State, Nigeria.

The availability of adequate water supply both in quality and quantity is essential for human existence. With the exponential increase in population, access to improved water remains an important pre-condition for sustaining human life, maintaining eco systems and for achieving sustainable development. This paper evaluates the water supply in a university community, with Afe Babalola University as a case study. This work has been carefully carried out to show the way forward in the Nigeria Water Sector; Reviewing the current situation in the university, the huge investments that has been made by The Nigerian Government and External Partners alike, the benefits the populace stand to derive by making the a healthy one, and liberalization of the Water Sector Administration. For the sake of this work, the focus shall be limited only to Social and Economic Development of Water in Nigeria. The paper however concludes that research grants should be given to the researchers in water sector. Geophysical investigation for groundwater development should be carried out before exploitation of groundwater to ensure maximum yield. Also modern conventional water treatment plant should be designed, constructed and located at strategic places in the country to enhance regular provision of potable water and safety and the government should be ready to work towards the realization of the set goals

Water Quality Assessment of River Elemi and Ureje in Ado Ekiti, Nigeri

Water treatment plant is collectively the industrial scale process that makes water more potable or useful by the use of some processes according to the tests and experiments carried out on the water. This project involves the use of surface water. Surface water could be regarded as all inland water permanently or intermittently occurring on the earth surface. The two sources of surface water used are ‘Elemi’ and ‘Ureje’ River. The objectives of this project is to find out the quality of water based on BOD, COD, DO, pH and other water quality parameters and to provide information for engineers to execute the project. The process involved in making these water sample potable are; pretreatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. In comparing the quality of water from the Elemi River and Ureje River, it can be concluded that Elemi River is better to use for domestic purposes than Ureje River

Borehole Drilling, Usage, Maintenance and Sustainability in Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria

Boreholes are an effective way of tapping into the water bearing aquifer below the ground and pumping the water to the surface. Boreholes for extracting water consist essentially of a vertically drilled shaft, a strong lining (casing) to prevent collapse of the walls, which includes a means of allowing clean water to enter the borehole space (screen), surface protection, and a means of extracting water. This study examines the common drilling techniques, usage, maintenance and sustainability of water boreholes in Ado-Ekiti. Pumping tests were carried on several boreholes in Ado-Ekiti to acquire a general idea of the yield of boreholes in order to proffer viable solution. Hydro geological maps of the area are studied to help in the understanding of the sub surface formation of the region. Questionnaires were also developed and administered in the assessment of borehole usage and maintenance. The study area is characterized by crystalline basement complex rock of low porosity and permeability. Boreholes have to be properly designed, professionally constructed and carefully drilled. It has been discovered that the area generally has low groundwater potential and that there is a high dependence on groundwater as a source for potable water

Assessment Of The Use Of Autocad Package For Teaching And Learning Engineering Drawing In Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti

Drawing is the language of engineers. Drawings encompass the architectural, civil, structural, and mechanical professions, and they are the means of conveying diagrammatic detailed aspects of the design components of a structure. This Study intends to investigate an assessment of the use of AutoCAD package for teaching and learning engineering drawing in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State. The investigation was carried out by administering (100) questionnaires to engineering drawing lecturers and Students of the college of engineering in the university. The Findings revealed that there are positive impacts created by AutoCAD package on teachers and Students towards the teaching and learning of AutoCAD package to teach engineering drawing in all the seven programmes in the college. Engineering drawing is done in Nigerian universities, polytechnics and colleges that offer courses in the areas of technical and vocational education (TVE), Architecture, urban and regional planning and engineering. The traditional teaching and learning of technical drawing in most Nigerian universities has been characterized by the use of such manual equipment and materials part of drawing board, dividers, compasses, set-squares, protractors, drawing paper, drawing pen, pencil, scales, and eraser among others. These manual tools and materials make drawing to be more time and energy consuming. Thus, the arrival of the 21st century information and communication technological facilities or technologies presented a more interesting and efficient facilities for the teaching and learning of technical drawing in institutions in Nigeria. The information and communication technologies that are utilized in the teaching and learning of technical drawing include computer hardware and software, computers, projectors, interactive broad, internet, scanners and so on. These are also known as computer assisted drafting/design tools. The details of these technological facilities /technologies are: Hardware : desktop and laptop computers with complete parts as key board, mouse, UPS, digitizing graphic tablet, plotter, digitizing pen, icons, scanners, projector, satellite and V-sat Software: AutoCAD, micro station, solid work, solid edge, Alibre, CATIA, NX, GTX5000, Power point, VRML, CorelDraw, spreadsheet ,graphics, database

Assessment Of The Use Of Autocad Package For Teaching And Learning Engineering Drawing In Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti

Drawing is the language of engineers. Drawings encompass the architectural, civil, structural, and mechanical professions, and they are the means of conveying diagrammatic detailed aspects of the design components of a structure. This Study intends to investigate an assessment of the use of AutoCAD package for teaching and learning engineering drawing in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State. The investigation was carried out by administering (100) questionnaires to engineering drawing lecturers and Students of the college of engineering in the university. The Findings revealed that there are positive impacts created by AutoCAD package on teachers and Students towards the teaching and learning of AutoCAD package to teach engineering drawing in all the seven programmes in the college. Engineering drawing is done in Nigerian universities, polytechnics and colleges that offer courses in the areas of technical and vocational education (TVE), Architecture, urban and regional planning and engineering. The traditional teaching and learning of technical drawing in most Nigerian universities has been characterized by the use of such manual equipment and materials part of drawing board, dividers, compasses, set-squares, protractors, drawing paper, drawing pen, pencil, scales, and eraser among others. These manual tools and materials make drawing to be more time and energy consuming. Thus, the arrival of the 21st century information and communication technological facilities or technologies presented a more interesting and efficient facilities for the teaching and learning of technical drawing in institutions in Nigeria. The information and communication technologies that are utilized in the teaching and learning of technical drawing include computer hardware and software, computers, projectors, interactive broad, internet, scanners and so on. These are also known as computer assisted drafting/design tools. The details of these technological facilities /technologies are: Hardware : desktop and laptop computers with complete parts as key board, mouse, UPS, digitizing graphic tablet, plotter, digitizing pen, icons, scanners, projector, satellite and V-sat Software: AutoCAD, micro station, solid work, solid edge, Alibre, CATIA, NX, GTX5000, Power point, VRML, CorelDraw, spreadsheet ,graphics, database

Design Of Engineered Sanitary Landfill For Efficient Solid Waste Management In Ado –Ekiti, South-Western Nigeria

One of the largest environmental and public health issues that Nigeria is facing today is inadequate facilities for management of solid wastes. Design of sanitary land fill was done with major emphases on determination of the lifespan/target year and location of a suitable site. In this study a sanitary landfill system of depth 3.6 m, width 30.3m and length 72.8 m was designed and a model of it fabricated. The design of sanitary land fill entails the determination of the lifespan, location of a suitable site and carrying out financial analysis and determining the construction schedule of the landfill. Analysis of results obtained indicated that decomposable wastes (55.516%) are more generated than non-decomposable waste (44.484%) especially in Ado Ekiti. It is therefore recommended that government should take the management of waste serious because it can serve as a source of income

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management for Improved Public Health and Environment in Nigeria

Waste which is a product of living can emanate from municipal, industrial, family, individual and developmental activities such as Civil Engineering construction works. The research is a qualitative research and it is aimed to gather an in-depth understanding of solid wastes management in Nigeria. This was carried out through observations in numerical representations and through statistical analysis. Comprehensive reviews of online materials were utilized in this research and practical knowledge in the current state of solid waste management in Nigeria was also applied. It was established that an average Nigerian produces about 0.43 kg solid waste per head per day. Organic matter constitutes about 60% to 80% of total waste stream along with plastics, scrap metals and nylon as major recyclable constituents. The problems associated with municipal solid waste management in developing countries, like Nigeria, have become pronounced in recent years as a result of urbanization and inadequate disposal of waste. This work examines the current method of waste disposal in Nigeria with attempts to discover the most viable option of solid waste disposal (Integrated Solid Waste Management) and recommend ways of improving its operation. The solid wastes must be managed effectively for public health, wealth and efficient energy systems

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND WEALTH IN NIGERIA

Improving and safeguarding wastewater management and water quality are vital for all three dimensions of sustainable development. Demand for water is growing at twice the rate of population growth. Without effective strategies to manage wastewater production, its treatment and reuse, development will be constrained and the resulting negative impacts, particularly on water-scarce economies, will arrive sooner than predicted by current approaches. Reducing unaccounted-for-water, or making beneficial use of water which is reused or recycled, are the most readily available ways to preserve water resources and to reduce the demand on finite freshwater resources. Preventing and removing pollution is essential to maintain the renew-ability of a renewable resource. For most uses of water, quality is as important as quantity. Many water resources are rapidly degraded by poor disposal of wastewater and in some case the economic cost of treatment makes them unsuitable as a source downstream. —————————— —————————— INTRODUCTION 1.0 PREAMBLE Any water that has been adversely affected in quality due to human activities can be regarded as wastewater (Burton and Stensel, 2003). It includes domestic liquid waste from residences, industries or agriculture. It encompasses a wide range of contaminants which can be potentially harmful or concentrations that can lead to degradation in water quality. These potential contaminants include soaps and detergents from bathrooms, food scraps and oil from kitchens and other human activities that involve the use of water. Potable water becomes wastewater after getting contaminated with all or some of the above mentioned potential contaminants. IJSE