Solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate sarcomatoid cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer is considered to be a late event, and patients can be treated with chemotherapy or hormonal manipulation. However, there has been only a few reports on surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>We present a surgical case of solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer. A 73-year-old man underwent pelvic evisceration for prostate cancer. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatoid carcinoma component. During postoperative follow-up, chest computed tomography showed a nodular shadow in the lung, and thoracoscopic wedge resection of the lung was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a histological appearance similar to that of the prostate sarcomatoid carcinoma. This is the first reported case of solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate sarcomatoid cancer.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Isolated pulmonary metastasis from prostate sarcomatoid cancer is extremely rare, but surgery could be the treatment of choice.</p

解剖実習体の膝関節にみられた円板状外側半月の一例について-特に関節内靱帯との関係-

65歳男性遺体の右膝に見いだされた円板状外側半月を観察し，特に関節内付属靱帯との関係を記載した．円板状外側半月は比較的幅広く，脛骨の外側顆上関節面をほぼ完全に被い，肉眼的観察およびX線撮影ではその損傷や石灰化などの異常は見られなかった．本例では，全体的に半月の固定に関係する靱帯の発達が良好であった．すなわち，半月の前角と後角は靱帯を介して強固に脛骨に付着し，さらに，強い半月横靱帯が内・外側半月の前部を連結していた．後方では外側半月後角から起こる太い後半月大腿靱帯が認められた．加えて，内側・外側半月の前角から起こり前十字靱帯に合流する靱帯小束が認められたが，これらは半月の前部固定に関与すると考えられた．The right knee, from a male cadaver aged 65, with discoid lateral meniscus was carefully dissected. The meniscus and its anatomical relationships with some associated ligaments of the knee are described. The discoid meniscus was a wide structure covering nearly the articular surface of the tibia and was almost intact macroscopically. Neither meniscal calcification nor ossification was demonstrated by radiography. There were strong transverse ligament, solid attachments from both anterior and posterior horns to the tibia, distinct posterior menisco-femoral ligament, and ligamentous slips from both anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci to the anterior cruciate ligament. The knee anatomy was characterized by the well-development attachment system of the menisci. The medial meniscus was anatomically normal

Disease-specific autoantibody production in the lungs and salivary glands of anti-synthetase syndrome

Interstitial lung disease is a common complication of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and lymphocytic infiltration is often observed in the lesion. We have recently reported that disease-specific autoantibodies are produced by infiltrating lymphocytes in some autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigate the antigen specificity of B cells in the lung lesions of ASS patients. A total of 177 antibodies were produced from antibody-secreting cells in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of three each of serum anti-Jo-1 and serum anti-EJ antibody–positive patients. Twelve to 30% and 50 to 62% of these antibodies were disease-specific autoantibodies, respectively. These autoantibodies recognized conformational epitopes of the whole self-antigen and had affinity maturations, indicating that self-antigens themselves are the target of humoral immunity. In addition, 100 antibodies were produced from two salivary gland tissues, obtained by chance, of ASS patients. Salivary glands are not generally recognized as lesions of ASS, but unexpectedly, ASS-related autoantibody production was also observed similar to that of BALF. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of ASS-related autoantibody-producing cells in salivary glands. Our results suggest that disease-specific autoantibody production at lesion sites is a common pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and that tissue-specific production of autoantibodies can provide insights regarding the distribution of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Cavitary Lung Cancer Lined with Normal Bronchial Epithelium and Cancer Cells

Reports of cavitary lung cancer are not uncommon, and the cavity generally contains either dilated bronchi or cancer cells. Recently, we encountered a surgical case of cavitary lung cancer whose cavity tended to enlarge during long-term follow-up, and was found to be lined with normal bronchial epithelium and adenocarcinoma cells.</p

Prostatic Metastasis of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Lung cancer metastases to the prostate are uncommon, and are usually found incidentally during autopsy. This case report describes a 77-year-old man with a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung and metastases from this primary cancer in the prostate. During the follow-up after the chemotherapy performed for pulmonary LCNEC, pelvic computed tomography revealed a prostatic tumor and prostatic needle biopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor was identified as LCNEC, forming a tissue architecture closely resembling the previously diagnosed lung cancer. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for thyroid transcription factor-1. These findings led to a diagnosis of prostatic metastasis of pulmonary LCNEC.</p