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The mammalian pannexin family is homologous to the invertebrate innexin gap junction proteins
We have cloned the genes
PANX1,
PANX2 and
PANX3, encoding putative gap junction proteins homologous to invertebrate innexins, which constitute a new family of mammalian proteins called pannexins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that pannexins are highly conserved in worms, mollusks, insects and mammals, pointing to their important function. Both innexins and pannexins are predicted to have four transmembrane regions, two extracellular loops, one intracellular loop and intracellular N and C termini. Both the human and mouse genomes contain three pannexin-encoding genes. Mammalian pannexins
PANX1 and
PANX3 are closely related, with
PANX2 more distant. The human and mouse pannexin-1 mRNAs are ubiquitously, although disproportionately, expressed in normal tissues. Human
PANX2 is a brain-specific gene; its mouse orthologue,
Panx2, is also expressed in certain cell types in developing brain.
In silico evaluation of
Panx3 expression predicts gene expression in osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts. The apparent conservation of pannexins between species merits further investigation