Exploration of the Chemistry and Biological Properties of Pyrimidine as a Privilege Pharmacophore in Therapeutics

The pyrimidine moiety is one of the most widespread heterocycles in biologically occurring compounds, such as nucleic acids components (uracil, thymine and cytosine) and vitamin B1. Due to its prebiotic nature to living cells in biodiversity, it is an highly privileged motif for the development of molecules of biological and pharmaceutical interest. This present work deals with the exploration of chemistry and medicinal diversity of pyrimidine which might pave way to long await discovery in therapeutic medicine for future drug design

Comparative Analysis of Corrosion of Aluminum Plates in Different Concentrations of Lime Solution

ABSTRACT Aluminum samples were cut into 5x5mm pieces and treated using four lime solutions with different molarities varying 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. Sixteen samples of aluminum plates were produced from each thickness. These were further subdivided into four thicknesses (0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.9 mm and 1.2 mm). Each group was then immersed into different solutions of lime for different time intervals. The samples were first weighed before and after immersion with a Miller balance. Weight losses were calculated for all samples. The corrosion rate of 8.250 mm/yr was obtained for the 0.3 mm sample of aluminum at 72 hours while the rate of corrosion decreased to 1.295 mm/yr at 288 hours. The photo micrographs of the aluminum samples both soaked and un-soaked were taken. It was observed that corrosion rates of the aluminum samples decreased with increase in thickness while the rates of corrosion decreased with time of immersion

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Oil Extracts from the Seeds of Ricinodendron heudelotii

Objective: The aim of this project is to extract the chemical components of various parts of this tree and to characterize the constituents of these extracts and to test for their biological activity. Methodology: Agar-well diffusion assay was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the oil extract on the test isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and the yeast Candida albicans. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for each test organism was determined by the broth dilution method using 0.5 McFarland’s standard. Results: Preliminary proximate and phytochemical analysis of the oil extracts from the seed showed the presence of the following minerals, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn as well as the following family of compounds: Steroids, saponin and terpenoids. Antimicrobial and antibacterial studies also revealed that the oil extract was active against Gram’s negative and positive bacteria and fungi. The test organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and the yeast Candida albicans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to the oil extract at all the concentrations used. Conclusion: Amongst the bacteria used, highest MIC of 150 mg mLG1 was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus , while lowest MIC of 50 mg mLG1 was observed in E. coli . Highest activity was observed against the fungus, Candida albicans with MIC of 25 mg mLG

Proximate composition, phytochemical screening and mineral content studies of leaves extract of Adenanthera pavonina

Adenanthera pavonina belongs to the leguminous non-climbing plant, with a very prominent value in food chain and therapeutic medicine of traditional origin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate GC-MS analyzed methanolic leaf extract for proximate analysis, phytochemical screening and mineral content determination in order to authenticate its nutraceutical propensity. The leaves were collected, washed with distilled water, dried under shed and powdered. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, anthocyanin and betacyanin, quinones, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids, triterpenoids, coumarin, steroids, and acids while oxalates, phenol and tannins were absent. The results of a proximate analysis revealed that the plant possessed a significant amount of protein (8.050 ± 0.15% %), crude fiber (11.088 ± 0.07%), moisture content (7.135 ± 0.18%), crude fat (0.8459 ± 0.34%), carbohydrates (67.7911 ± 0.85%), ash contents (5.09 ± 0.11%), organic matters (94.91 ± 0.93%) and vitamin A (0.196). Quantitative analysis on mineral content revealed the presence of Mn (125.350 mg/kg), Fe (878.450 mg/kg), Ni (15.850 mg/kg), Cr (15.850 mg/kg), Cu (11.950 mg/kg), Zn (24.500 mg/kg), K (0.721%), Na (0.074%), Ca (0.988%), Mg (0.988%), Magnesium (0.9 (0.730%). The study also showed that cobalt, cadmium, and lead could not be detected due to the detection limits of the instrument. Physicochemical and spectral analysis were carried out using FT-IR and GC-MS to identify the content of each extract and the hypothesized structures were correlated from spectroscopic data

Characterization, Proximate Composition and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Seed Oil of Bauhinia tomentosa

Background: This study was carried out to investigate proximate composition, phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of the spectroscopically characterized seed oil of Bauhinia tomentosa . Materials and method: The characterization was carried out using FT-IR, mass spectra, 1H- and 13C-NMR. Results: The results from the proximate analysis showed the presence of crude protein 30.36±0.98%, crude fibre 26.00±0.69%, carbohydrate 25.32±0.57%, moisture content 12.04±0.39%, ash content 4.00±0.15% and fat content 2.28±0.09%. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, sterols, anthraquinones and tannins in varying degrees. The mineral determination showed that the seed oil contained iron (3.10±0.01 mg kgG1), manganese (0.38±0.01 mg kgG1), while cadmium (0.0 mg kgG1), lead (0.0 mg kgG1) and nickel (0.0 mg kgG1) were not detected. The extracted seed oil was investigated for antimicrobial efficiency against four bacterial isolates and two fungal, wherein gentamicin and clotrimazole were the clinical standard antibiotic and antifungal agents, respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity result revealed the sample to be bioactive and of great pharmaceutical potential with MIC value of 6.25 and <3.625 mg mLG1 against Escherichia coli and Candida albican, respectively. Due to high nutritional values and broad antimicrobial properties, the seed oil of Bauhinia tomentosa has nutraceutical potentials, which might pave way for its use as an alternative nutrient source for mankind or for industrial purpose

Comparative Study of Microwave-assisted and Conventional Synthesis of 3-[1-(s-phenylimino) Ethyl]-2H-chromen-2-ones and Selected Hydrazone Derivatives

In this study, 3-acetylcoumarin 1, used as the essential precursor was synthesized by the reaction of salicyaldehyde with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of piperidine in solvent-free medium. Schiff bases 2-9 were obtained by the condensation reaction of 3-acetylcoumarin, 1 with various aniline derivatives while reaction of 3-hydrazinoquinoxalin-2-one with four different 6-susbtituted 3-acetylcoumarins afforded the corresponding hydrazones 10-13. Both Schiff bases and hydrazone products were synthesized under microwave irradiation method and conventional synthetic strategy for comparative study. The microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave both Schiff bases and hydrazones in higher yields at shorter reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The characterization of the synthesized compounds were structurally confirmed by analytical data as well as spectroscopic means which involved 1H-and 13C-nmr, ir, UV-visible and mass spectra