Development of a Low Cost Ventilator using a Proportional Solenoid Valve

This paper describes the development of portable mechanical ventilator using a proportional solenoid valve whose aim is to regulate the flow rate of oxygen to the patient together with an Arduino Mega2560 as the main controller for the machine before delivering the required volume to the patient; base on their ideal body weight so as to prevent blowing out the lungs The aimed of this development is to save and improve the quality of lives of patients with respiratory problems rather than replacing the existing ventilator. Furthermore, test analysis was conducted to evaluate its performance and also the comparative analysis between the standard and the developed ventilator showed the reasons why most hospitals don’t have ventilators

A Mini Review on the Impact of Sewage Disposal on Environment and Ecosystem

Human activities contribute immensely to the production of wastewater which emanates from residences, industries and agricultural practices that pollutes the environment and water bodies. Up to 80-90% of the wastewater produced in developing countries is disposed of into surface and groundwater which is a major cause of environmental pollution that threatens human health. According to UN report, over 80% of the wastewater produced in the world and over 95% in some least developed countries is released without being treated into the environment. This paper reviews the methods of sewage disposal, the impact on the environment, aquatic contaminant and the human health. Emphasis is placed on the impact of disposal of various contaminants in aquifers and water bodies which could make water unsafe for drinking and to perform other domestic and recreational activitie