The Search for an Economics Job with a Teaching Focus

This article provides suggestions for new Ph.D. economists relating to the search for an academic job. It provides general information regarding finding job postings, the timing of events, and preparing application materials. It differs from the existing guides by including additional considerations for the teaching-focused, rather than research-oriented segment of the market and by emphasizing what a candidate should do rather than what will happen in the search process. Specifically, it outlines helpful suggestions on effectively answering interview questions, delivering a class lecture on campus, meeting with students, and negotiating a better offer at teaching-focused schools which are absent from other guides.

Quantification of nutrient supply in forage-based diets for beef cattle

End of Project ReportIntroduction Cattle rearing systems in Ireland are predominantly grass-based as 80% of agricultural land is dedicated to grassland (silage, hay and pasture) (CSO, 2007). Feed costs represent the largest single variable cost in beef production in Ireland. Grazed grass is generally the cheapest source of food available for beef (and milk) production provided that the environment and management permit high yields of high quality herbage to be utilised (McGee, 2000). Environmental legislation and the rules of environmental schemes such as the European Union (EU) Rural Environmental Protection Scheme are progressively restricting the application of fertilizer Nitrogen (N), and many grazing systems are becoming more extensive. Over 80% of all farms in Ireland make grass silage (O’Kiely et al., 1998) and it accounts for 87% of total grass conserved (Mayne and O’Kiely, 2005). The deficiencies in nutrient supply to beef cattle from grass silage are usually overcome by supplementing with concentrates (McGee, 2005), which are primarily cereal-based (Drennan et al., 2006). However, diverse types of concentrates containing a variety of feed ingredients, particularly non-cereal by-products are available and frequently fed as supplements to grass silage or as highconcentrate diets. The relatively small amount of information available on feeding these contrasting concentrates to beef cattle is inconsistent. Moreover, there has been an increased use of other ensiled forages such as maize and whole-crop cereals. These forages have high intake potential and can reduce the concentrate feeding level, while maintaining or increasing performance of beef cattle (Keady, 2005). With increasing costs of beef production and increasing constraints of environmental regulations, efficient utilisation of consumed nutrients by cattle is imperative in providing sustainable production and income to farmers. Feed evaluation systems are used to match the dietary nutrient supply with animal requirements for a specific level of production (Dijkstra et al., 2007). These systems are important in order to optimise the efficiency of feed utilisation, to improve animal performance and to reduce nutrient losses to the environment (Dijkstra et al., 2007). Although the reticulo-rumen is central to the profile of nutrients available for absorption, yet quantitative knowledge of the rates of passage and the digestion of nutrients in the rumen is limited compared with that on degradation rates (Dijkstra et al., 2007). There is a lack of information that adequately characterises the supply of nutrients from forages and feedstuffs specific to Ireland, especially for fresh grass-based diets of which, there are very few studies reported in the literature. This shortcoming impedes our ability to capitalise on the merits of evolving feeding systems. This project aimed to: 1. Increase the knowledge and advance the understanding on rumen digestion and nutrient flow from the rumen of the main forages / forage-based diets offered to beef cattle in Ireland. 2. Evaluate strategies for optimal utilization of nutrients consumed by cattle

Efficacy of Temporary Fixed Retention Following Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment

Instability of the occlusion is a common problem following orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate posttreatment relapse at long-term recall (\u3e 10 years) in cases (A) treated with temporary fixed mandibular retention plus Hawley retainers compared to (B) a similar group retained with just removable retention (standard Hawley type retainers alone). Fixed retainers were removed after having been in place for about 2.5 years. Following this period, use of removable retention was left up to the discretion of the patient in both groups. Data consisted of orthodontic records of 166 American whites, all of whom had received comprehensive orthodontic treatment, collected from multiple private practice orthodontists using conventional Edgewise mechanics. Records were analyzed at pretreatment, end of treatment, and at long-term posttreatment recall examination (mean = 16 years after treatment). The mandibular Incisor Irregularity index at recall averaged 1.9 mm in the fixed group and 2.5 mm in the Hawley-only group. This ½-mm difference is marginally significant statistically (P = 0.03), but seems trivially small clinically. A 1.0 mm change in Incisor Irregularity during treatment was shown to be associated with 0.13 mm of relapse long term. Mandibular intercanine width increased (mean = 1.2 mm) during treatment, but decreased by almost the same amount by the recall examination. Maxillary and mandibular arch widths became slightly narrower after treatment. Overbite and overjet both increased after treatment. Results of the present study seem more stable than those reported in most long-term studies; however, there is little clinical support for a fixed-retention phase given the modest (½-mm) difference in Incisor Irregularity

As It Was in the Beginning: An Intertextual Analysis of New Creation in Galatians, 2 Corinthians, and Ephesians

Paul\u27s comments regarding the new creation in 2 Cor 5:17 and Gal 6:15 have tended to be understood somewhat myopically. Some argue the phrase new creation solely refers to the inward transformation believers have experienced through faith in Jesus Christ. Others argue this phrase should be understood cosmologically and linked with Isaiah\u27s new heavens and new earth Still others advocate an ecclesiological interpretation of this phrase that views Paul referring to the new community formed around Jesus Christ. In As It Was in the Beginning, Mark Owens argues that the concept of new creation should be understood (like the gospel) within the realm of Paul\u27s anthropology, cosmology, and ecclesiology. At the same time, he also argues that Paul\u27s understanding of new creation belongs within an Urzeit-Endzeit typological framework, especially within 2 Cor 5-6 and Eph 1-2. This reading of new creation attempts to give due weight to the use of Isaianic traditions in 2 Cor 5:17 and Eph 2:13, 17. Owens demonstrates that the vision of new creation in 2 Corinthians and Galatians is starkly similar to that of Ephesians.https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books/1192/thumbnail.jp