Gravitation Research

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on one research project.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-526)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-030

Gravitation Research

Contains research objectives and summary of research.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-526)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-24254

Gravitation Research

Contains research objectives and summary of research.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-526)Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300

Gravitation Research

Contains research objectives and summary of research.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-359)M.I.T. Cabot Solar Energy Fun

Infrared Instrumentation and Astronomy

Contains research objectives and summary of research on four research projects.Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-75-C-1346)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-526)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NAS5-22828

Predicting growth curves of early childhood externalizing problems: Differential susceptibility of children with difficult temperament

Using an accelerated longitudinal design, the development of externalizing problems from age 2 to 5 years was investigated in relation to maternal psychopathology, maternal parenting, gender, child temperament, and the presence of siblings. The sample consisted of 150 children selected at age 2-3 years for having high levels of externalizing problems. Parenting was measured using observational methods, and maternal reports were used for the other variables. Overall, mean levels of externalizing problems decreased over time, and higher initial levels (intercept) were related to a stronger decrease (negative slope) in externalizing problems. Results showed that higher levels of maternal psychopathology were related to less decrease in early childhood externalizing problems. Parental sensitive behavior predicted a stronger decrease in externalizing problems, but only for children with difficult temperaments. A stronger decrease of externalizing problems in children with older siblings also pertained only to children with difficult temperaments. Thus, temperamentally difficult children appear to be more susceptible to environmental influences on the development of externalizing behaviors. Our results indicate that the role of siblings in early childhood externalizing problems deserves more research attention, and that intervention efforts need to take into account temperamental differences in children's susceptibility to environmental influences. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC