Determination of Vertical Air Speed and Analysis of the Liquid Distribution for ATOM

The paper has studied how the speed of air is changed at different distances from the fan and at various heights at 3 m between rows of, using ATOM 300 orchard sprayer machine equipped with a new axial fan. The experiments were carried out for both speeds of the gear box.Experimental tests have shown that airflow speed changes along the tower of the fan depending on the distance and position. The direction of rotation of the fan in a clockwise direction, influences the airflow speed, being higher on the right side.When measuring vertical airflow velocity (3 and 4 m distance between rows), there can be observed a slowing of the airflow speed along with height, maximum speed being at ground level. Also here can be observed that the speed of airflow in the right side is higher on all points measured 

Sensors Used to Determine Physical Soil Properties

Determining soil properties in the shortest possible time is no longer a challenge at present. Among the soil propertiesthat can be determined relatively quickly can be mentioned: humidity, pH, soil respiration, enzymatic activity, existing gasdetermination, nutrient requirements, etc. Soil humidity can be determined using capacitive sensors (an air-filled condensercan serve as a relative humidity sensor because soil humidity modifies the electrical permissiveness of the air), resistivesensors (it contains a relatively low resistivity material that changes significantly in various humidity conditions), hybridsensors (measures both the capacity and the electrical conductivity of the soil). To determine the soil pH it can be used thecolor-changing indicator strip, pH indicator fluid and pH sensor (the principle of measurement is based on the fact that thetwo-fluid interface produces a measurable electrical potential). Determination of soil respiration is carried out by specialdevices called breathing chambers in which CO2 sensors are introduced: sensors for determining the CO2 flux throughthermal conductivity, solid-state electrochemical sensors, sensors made of different oxide mixtures, membrane sensorsselective ions and optical sensors. Enzymatic sensors are used to identify and quantify enzymatic activity. The sensor is aheated sample, an electrochemical sensor or an optical sensor. The basic operating principle is that an enzyme is fixed to alayer in which the substrate is dispersed. The olfactory sensor or electronic nose is less a sensor or instrument and more ameasurement strategy. All methods of odour measurement can be divided into four groups: instrumental analysis,semiconductor gas sensors, potential difference membrane sensors and quartz microbalance metho

Determination of Specific Energy Consumption and Grain Size for Corn Grinding Using the Hammer Mill MB7,5

Changing the degree to which animals feed is grinded can be done for hammer mills in several ways, namely: the use of sieves with different diameters, different hammers, different engine speeds.Grain milling energy consumption is influenced by the type of material used,  its moisture content, size and type of hammers, sieves holes etc.In the present study we determined the influence of moisture and sieve mesh size on milling maize grain moisture of 11.1% and 17.6% using conventional hammer mill. Using three kinds of sieve apertures with a diameter of 4, 6 and 8 mm was determined from the specific grinding energy

Research on the Changed Operating Parameters during Operation MMAT 110-03 and IDK 120-04 Nozzles

The quality of the phytosanitary treatments and weed control depends on the amount of solution administered uniformly per unit area, coverage and penetration of plant mass, fluid flow rates and droplet size. Most of these indices are fulfilled by nozzles. The most important parts of the sprayer are nozzles. They produce herbicide mixture in small sized droplets that are sent to target surface. This stream of droplets containins particles of different sizes. Measurements were made at the Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, using EP 70 sprayer manufactured by Tehnofavorit Bonţida and data acquisition was realized using the test benchmark TEST 1000 produced by the German firm Herbst

Aspects of Thermoplastic Extrusion in Food Processing

The extrusion screw process is used in food and agricultural industries to make a variety of products and combines a several unit operations including mixing, cooking, kneading, shearing, sheaping and forming. The process can be used to make different types of products like cereal-based products, sugar-based products and protein-based products.   Â

Research Regarding the Flow Rate and Pressure Variation for the Nozzles Mounted on the Eep-600m Spraying Machine

Reduced environmental pollution and ensuring fair treatment in crops can be achieved through constructive and functional upgrading of spraying machines. The paper studies the variation of the nozzle flow, liquid pressure and uniformity of distribution for the EEP-600M machine. The experimental results have shown changes in the functional parameters of the nozzle (flow and pressure) depending on the nozzle position on the ramp section. The way of connecting the hoses leading the solution to the ramp and the number of nozzles per segment can influence the uniformity of distribution of the solution

Influence of Boom Inclination Angle on Uniformity Distribution for Spraying Machines

The practice of sustanainable agriculture demands the best qualitative indexes for spraying machines and, especially, better distribution uniformity on the working width of these machines. The experimental trials in laboratory conditions were made for EEP-600ME mounted spraying machine by using the HERBST testing equipment for measuring the cross-cut distribution uniformity, which showed the fact that the boom inclination angle has a great influence on distribution uniformity. Rise of boom inclination angle over 2° leads to decreasing of distribution uniformity. At boom inclination angle only by 5°, the variation coefficient of distribution uniformity is over 24%, value that exceeds the allowable limit by four times over. In order to maintain the qualitative indexes in sloped areas there is a demand to use spraying machines that are equipped with devices for boom leveling

An Overview of the Gps Uses in Agriculture

Nowadays, the need for food in the world is high. We exceeded the 5 billion people, so there is a need for development in order to keep the offer in accordance to demand. The agriculture has made a few steps in that direction. The IT technology provided the basis of an increased yield and for a sustainable agriculture. One of the main and revolutionary items which were implemented in agriculture was the GPS system

Study Regarding the Air Speed Created by the Axial Fan of the Orchard Spraying Machines

The paper has studied how the speed of air is changed at different distances from the circumference of the fan and at various heights at the distance between rows of 3 m, using ATOM 1000 orchard sprayer machine. Experimental tests have shown that airflow speed changes along the circumference of the fan depending on the distance and position. The direction of rotation of the fan in a clockwise direction influences the airflow speed, being higher on the right side. When measuring vertical airflow velocity (3m distance between rows), there can be observed a slowing of the airflow speed along winth height, maximum speed is at 1 m above ground. Also here can be observed that the speed of airflow in the right side is higher on all points measure