9 research outputs found
Diversité et dynamique des Salmonella
Objectif: Au Niger, l’agriculture maraîchère réalisée dans les zones urbaines et péri-urbaines utilise les eaux usées souvent très souillées par la matière fécale humaine et animale pour l’irrigation. Cette étude a évalué la prévalence et la diversité des Salmonella isolées de la laitue dans différents sites maraichers du Niger.Méthodologie et résultats: Des prélèvements des échantillons de laitue (Lactuca sativa L.) ont été réalisés dans des jardins maraîchers à travers toutes les régions du Niger. L’analyse microbiologique a été faite selon la norme ISO 6579:2002. La production des laitues a pour principale source d’arrosage, les eaux des caniveaux (41,67%). Les échantillons de laitue ont montré une forte prévalence de Salmonella dans certaines régions allant jusqu’à 56%. Les Salmonella isolées sont dominées par le sérogroupe B (34,43%), suivi des Salmonella spp (18,85%) et du Sérogroupe C (13,11%). Les souches ont montré une résistance : l’ampicilline (69,70%), l’amoxicilline (27,97%) ; l’amoxicilline + acide clavulanique (19,17%), la colistine (29,85%), la céfixime (50,75%) et la ceftazidime (27,97%)).Conclusion et application de la recherche: La laitue cultivée dans les zones urbaines et péri-urbaines investiguées est non appropriée à la consommation. La prévalence des Salmonella isolées dans la laitue est très élevée, ce qui entraine un très grand risque de contamination. Des mesures adéquates doivent être mises en oeuvre pour limiter ou réduire la contamination de la laitue et éviter la prolifération des maladies infectieuses.Mots clés: Maraîchers, laitue, Salmonella, prévalence, diversité, NigerEnglish Title: Diversity and dynamics of Salmonella isolated from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) vegetable crops in NigerEnglish AbstractObjective: In Niger, vegetable farming in urban areas uses wastewater heavily soiled by human and animal fecal matter for irrigation. In this study the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella isolated from lettuce at different Niger sites was evaluatedMethodology and results: Samples of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were taken from vegetable fields in all regions of Niger. The microbiological analysis was carried out according to ISO 6579: 2002. The main source of water for lettuce production is gutter water (41.67%).The lettuce samples that were analyzed, showed a high prevalence of Salmonella in some areas up to 56%. Isolated and analyzed Salmonella show low biochemical diversity and are dominated by serogroup B (34.43%), followed by Salmonella spp (18.85%) and Serogroup C (13.11%). The strains showed resistance to ampicillin (69.70%), amoxicillin (27.97%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (19.17%), colistin (29.85%), cefixime (50.75%) and ceftazidime (27.97%)).Conclusion and application of research: Lettuce grown in urban and peri-urban areas investigated is not suitable for consumption. The prevalence of Salmonella isolated in lettuce is very high, which leads to a very high risk of contamination. Adequate measures should be implemented to limit or reduce lettuce contamination and to prevent the proliferation of infectious diseases.Keywords: Maraichers, lettuce, Salmonella, prevalence, diversity, Nige
Elaboration D’un Plan de Maîtrise et de Contrôle des Dangers au Cours de la Production de Boisson Gazeuse en Bouteille PET À Partir de la Démarche HACCP
La sécurité sanitaire des aliments est un aspect important à prendre en compte par les entreprises agroalimentaires à travers une démarche qualité afin d’assurer la sécurité des produits alimentaires fabriqués, et garantir par voie de conséquence la santé des consommateurs au Niger. Le présent travail traite de l’élaboration d’un plan de maîtrise et de contrôle à la lumière de l’analyse critique du process de fabrication de l’unité de mise en bouteille de boissons gazeuses, une industrie agroalimentaire du Niger. Les résultats de ce travail apportent des solutions pratiques pour la maîtrise, la prévention et surveillance des 16 points de contrôle critique (PCC) identifiés lors de la fabrication de boissons gazeuses en bouteille PET de cette entreprise. De ce fait un plan de maîtrise des PCC comportant six points de contrôle a été élaboré. Enfin, la mise en œuvre du système HACCP dans ce type entreprise agroalimentaire peut effectivement lui assurer la qualité sanitaire de ses boissons gazeuses PET et élargir son marché.
Food safety is an important aspect to be taken into account by food companies through a quality approach to ensure the safety of manufactured food products, and thus guarantee the health of consumers in Niger. The present work aims to highlight the development of a plan of control and developed control through the critical analysis of the manufacturing process of the soft drink bottling unit in a food industry in Niger. The results of this work provide practical solutions for the control and prevention of 16 critical control point (CCP) identified during the production of the soft drinks bottling of the company. Thus, a master plan of the CCP with six (6) control points was developed. Finally, implementing the HACCP system in such company can effectively ensure food quality and expand its market
Prévalence Et Diversité De Salmonella En Afrique : Analyse Qualitative Et Quantitative
International trade, new agricultural, animal production and food practices have facilitated the spread and transmission of food-borne pathogens; including Salmonella. Salmonella is a ubiquitous bacterium responsible for a variety of diseases in humans, animals. It has a large diversity and contains more than 2579 serotypes. However, very little work describing the diversity, structure and populations dynamics of Salmonella in different hosts is available in Niger. In order to describe the general context of Salmonella diversity in Africa, an analysis of the available literature on this subject was carried out. A total of 131 publications were identified. From those publications, twenty five (25) were eligible. The LOGIT estimation model was used for serotype analysis to standardize the distribution of data and minimize sample sizes. It appears from our analysis that the prevalence of Salmonella is high regardless of the host and host germ. The major serotypes found in humans in Africa are S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhi. In poultry, the predominant serotype is S. Hadar on the other side S. Typhimurium predominates in North Africa. Thus, the results of these review analyzes constitute one of the steps in the process of understanding trends in the distribution of Salmonella in Africa. These results are presented as an outline of the implementation of a successful 251 model for the continuation of our studies on the diversity of Salmonella in Niger
Dimérisation du domaine transmembranaire des récepteurs de la famille ErbB/HER. Etude par simulations de dynamique moléculaire.
ErbBjHER proteins belong to receptor tyrosine kinase family and are involved in a complex interaction network at the cell surface which control cellular proliferation and differentiation. This family of four members (ErbBljEGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4) forms homodimers andj or heterodimers after ligand binding. The deregulation of ErbB interaction network is associated with a variety of human cancers.The transmembrane domain plays an important role in receptor function and the role of the GxxxG-like motif in oligomerization processes is of great interest. Experimental studies show a correlation between the hierarchy of the interaction of the whole receptors and that of the transmembrane domains. .Theoretical search model has been developed to define structural models of heterodimers. Interactions between the transmembrane domains have been quantified and the role of the dimerization motifs has been determined. Molecular dynamics simulations show a preference for left-handed interactions of the two helices and the small residues of the motifs are found at the helix-helix interface. OUf studies show that the transmembrane domains are involved in receptor specificity and selectivity in dimerization processes.Les proteines ErbBjHER appartiennent a la famille des recepteurs a activite tyrosine kinase (RrK). Ces recepteurs participent a un reseau complexe d'jnteractions a la surface de la cellule et controlent la proliferation et la differenciation cellulaire. Cette famille de 4 membres (ErbBljEGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4) forme des homodimeres etjou des heterodimeres apres fixation du ligand. La deregulation de ce reseau d'interactions est associee a de nombreux cancers humains.Le domaine tr~smembranaire joue un role dans la fonction de ces recepteurs et l'implication des motifs de type GxxxG dans les processus d'association suscite un interet particulier. Des etudes experimentales montrent une correlation entre la hierarchie des interactions des recepteurs entiers et celIe des domaines transmembranaires.Une methode theorique de recherche de modeles d'association des heterodimeres a ete develoHpee permettant de quantifier les interactions entre les domaines membranaires et de definir Ie role des motifs dans l'association. Des simulations de dynamique moleculaire effectuees sur l'ensemble des modeles montrent une preference d'association gauche des helices. Les petits residus appartenant aux motifs de dimerisation sont presents a l'interface des deux helices. Nos etudes montrent que les domaines transmembranaires participent a la specificite et a la selectivite des recepteurs dans les processus de dimerisation
Dimérisation du domaine transmembranaire des récepteurs de la famille ErbB/HER (étude par simulations de dynamique moléculaire)
Les protéines ErbB/HER appartiennent à la famille des récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase (RTK). Ces récepteurs participent à un réseau complexe d interactions à la surface de la cellule et contrôlent la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaire. Cette famille de 4 membres (ErbB1/EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4) forme des homodimères et/ou des hétérodimères après fixation du ligand. La dérégulation de ce réseau d interactions est associée à de nombreux cancers humains.Le domaine transmembranaire joue un rôle dans la fonction de ces récepteurs et l implication des motifs de type GxxxG dans les processus d association suscite un intérêt particulier. Des études expérimentales montrent une corrélation entre la hiérarchie des interactions des récepteurs entiers et celle des domaines transmembranaires.Une méthode théorique de recherche de modèles d association des hétérodimères a été développée permettant de quantifier les interactions entre les domaines membranaires et de définir le rôle des motifs dans l association. Des simulations de dynamique moléculaire effectuées sur l ensemble des modèles montrent une préférence d association gauche des hélices. Les petits résidus appartenant aux motifs de dimérisation sont présents à l interface des deux hélices. Nos études montrent que les domaines transmembranaires participent à la spécificité et à la sélectivité des récepteurs dans les processus de dimérisation.ORLEANS-BU Sciences (452342104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Molecular dynamics simulation approach for the prediction of transmembrane helix–helix heterodimers assembly
Computational methods are useful to identify favorable structures of transmembrane (TM) helix oligomers when experimental data are not available or when they cannot help to interpret helix–helix association. We report here a global search method using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the structures of transmembrane homo and heterodimers. The present approach is based only on sequence information without any experimental data and is first applied to glycophorin A to validate the protocol and to the HER2-HER3 heterodimer receptor. The method successfully reproduces the experimental structures of the TM domain of glycophorin A (GpATM) with a root mean square deviation of 1.5 Å. The search protocol identifies three energetically stable models of the TM domain of HER2-HER3 receptor with favorable helix–helix arrangement, including right-handed and left-handed coiled-coils. The predicted TM structures exhibit the GxxxG-like motif at the dimer interface which is presumed to drive receptor oligomerization. We demonstrate that native structures of TM domain can be predicted without quantitative experimental data. This search protocol could help to predict structures of the TM domain of HER heterodimer family
Insight into the recognition patterns of the ErbB receptor family transmembrane domains: heterodimerization models through MD search
ErbB receptors undergo a complex interaction network defining hierarchical and competition relationships. Dimerization is driven entirely by receptor–receptor interactions and the transmembrane domains play a role in modulating the specificity and the selection of the partners during signal transduction. To shed light on the role of the GxxxG-like dimerization motifs in the formation of ErbB transmembrane heterodimers, we propose structural models resulting from conformational search method combined with molecular dynamics simulations. Left-handed structures of the transmembrane heterodimers are found preponderant over right-handed structures. All heterotypic heterodimers undergo two modes of association either via the N-terminal motif or the C-terminal motif. The transmembrane domain of ErbB3 impairs this C-terminal motif but also associates with the other partners owing to the presence of Gly residues. The two dimerization modes involve different orientations of the two helices. Thus, a molecular-switch model allowing the transition between the two dimerizing states may apply to the heterodimers and could help interpret receptor competition for the formation of homodimers and heterodimers. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results on the dimerization hierarchy of the transmembrane domains is not straightforward. However, we demonstrate that the intrinsic properties of the transmembrane sequences are an important component in heterodimer formation and that the ErbB2 and ErbB3 transmembrane domains have a strong power for heterodimerization as observed experimentally
Contribution to improve dried meat (Kilishi) quality using an adapted hygrometer
It is a most for each actor in Niger’s food production and distribution chain bears responsibility to take the necessary steps to ensure that the products placed on the market do not pose a risk to the health of consumers. Traditional kilishi products in Niger have evolved from natural drying. This study was aimed to determine the relative humidity of the kilishi in contribution to improve its quality. Three varieties of kilishi (ja, fari and rumuzu) samples were analyzed, using an adapted hygrometer at ambient temperature. The results revealed that from the reading of adapted hygrometer 78±1.42% of relative humidity for the kilishi ja; 62±1.83% for kilishi rumuzu and 53±0.67% for kilishi fari. The kilishi ja level of humidity (78%) found was higher than the normal which is 60 to 65%. The relative humidity results indicated that the evaluation on the kilishi varieties was an indicator of degree of dryness leading to improve its quality. It is therefore recommended that strict aseptic measures and proper drying should be observed during the production of kilishi in order to reduce the microbial load to an acceptable level