Wine making by-products

Approximately, 67.1 million tons of grapes were utilized in wine production in 2013 (FAO 2014). This generates a considerable amount of waste because as much as 20% of the weight of processed grapes is not found in the final product (Mazza and Miniati 1993). There is growing interest in the utilization of this waste including its conversion into biofuels and use as nutrient supplements, food ingredients, and animal feeds.The authors acknowledge the funding received from the New Zealand Ministry for Environment (Community Environment Fund & Waste Minimisation Fund, Deed Number 20398) and the Sustainable Farm Fund (Project Number 09/099). This work is part of the New Zealand Grape and Wine Research Program, a joint investment by the Plant and Food Research and NZ Winegrowers