Chemical synthesis of novel taurine-containing uridine derivatives

Recently, novel taurine-containing uridine derivatives were discovered in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs, and these modified ribonucleosides existed at the first position of the anti-codon. This paper describes the chemical synthesis of these novel uridine derivatives, 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm5U) and 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (τm5s2U). These taurine-containing uridine derivatives were synthesized in the good yields by the reaction of the corresponding S-hydroxymethyluridine derivatives with taurine under basic conditions

ON THE INCORPORATION OF P(32) INTO MUCOPROTEIN IN RAT'S BRAIN

We studied the incorporation of P(32) into the mucoprotein (M. P.) in rat's brain, and obtained the following results 1). The M. P. content and the counts measured with Geiger Mueller's Counter increased under the influences of radioactivity until the fourth day after P(32) injection. 2). The M. P. in healthy rat's brain showed just similar to lecithin a slow turnover. 3). In comparison with control, the M. P. content in rat's brain receiving electroshock convulsion gave rise to marked increase and acceleration of its turnover. 4). The M. P. content in rat's brain submitted to insulinshock treatment decreased, but its turnover accelerated about the ninth day

Factors and impact of physicians' diagnostic errors in malpractice claims in Japan.

BackgroundDiagnostic errors are prevalent and associated with increased economic burden; however, little is known about their characteristics at the national level in Japan. This study aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and indemnity payment in cases of diagnostic errors using Japan's largest database of national claims.MethodsWe analyzed characteristics of diagnostic error cases closed between 1961 and 2017, accessed through the national Japanese malpractice claims database. We compared diagnostic error-related claims (DERC) with non-diagnostic error-related claims (non-DERC) in terms of indemnity, clinical outcomes, and factors underlying physicians' diagnostic errors.ResultsAll 1,802 malpractice claims were included in the analysis. The median patient age was 33 years (interquartile range = 10-54), and 54.2% were men. Deaths were the most common outcome of claims (939/1747; 53.8%). In total, 709 (39.3%, 95% CI: 37.0%-41.6%) DERC cases were observed. The adjusted total billing amount, acceptance rate, adjusted median claims payments, and proportion of deaths were significantly higher in DERC than non-DERC cases. Departments of internal medicine and surgery were 1.42 and 1.55 times more likely, respectively, to have DERC cases than others. Claims involving the emergency room (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.88) and outpatient office (adjusted OR = 2.87) were more likely to be DERC than other cases. The initial diagnoses most likely to lead to diagnostic error were upper respiratory tract infection, non-bleeding digestive tract disease, and "no abnormality."ConclusionsCases of diagnostic errors produced severe patient outcomes and were associated with high indemnity. These cases were frequently noted in general exam and emergency rooms as well as internal medicine and surgery departments and were initially considered to be common, mild diseases