1,821 research outputs found
An order parameter equation for the dynamic yield stress in dense colloidal suspensions
We study the dynamic yield stress in dense colloidal suspensions by analyzing
the time evolution of the pair distribution function for colloidal particles
interacting through a Lennard-Jones potential. We find that the equilibrium
pair distribution function is unstable with respect to a certain anisotropic
perturbation in the regime of low temperature and high density. By applying a
bifurcation analysis to a system near the critical state at which the stability
changes, we derive an amplitude equation for the critical mode. This equation
is analogous to order parameter equations used to describe phase transitions.
It is found that this amplitude equation describes the appearance of the
dynamic yield stress, and it gives a value of 2/3 for the shear thinning
exponent. This value is related to the mean field value of the critical
exponent in the Ising model.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Non-linear rheology of layered systems - a phase model approach
We study non-linear rheology of a simple theoretical model developed to mimic
layered systems such as lamellar structures under shear. In the present work we
study a 2-dimensional version of the model which exhibits a Kosterlitz-Thouless
transition in equilibrium at a critical temperature Tc. While the system
behaves as Newtonain fluid at high temperatures T > Tc, it exhibits shear
thinning at low temperatures T < Tc. The non-linear rheology in the present
model is understood as due to motions of edge dislocations and resembles the
non-linear transport phenomena in superconductors by vortex motions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the conference proceeding of
International Conference on Science of Friction, Irago Aichi, Japan Sept 9-13
200
Hadron-hadron interaction from SU(2) lattice QCD
We evaluate interhadron interactions in two-color lattice QCD from
Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes on the Euclidean lattice. The simulations are
performed in quenched SU(2) QCD with the plaquette gauge action at and the Wilson quark action. We concentrate on S-wave scattering states
of two scalar diquarks. Evaluating different flavor combinations with various
quark masses, we try to find out the ingredients in hadronic interactions.
Between two scalar diquarks (, the lightest baryon in SU(2)
system), we observe repulsion in short-range region, even though present quark
masses are not very light. We define and evaluate the "quark-exchange part" in
the interaction, which is induced by adding quark-exchange diagrams, or
equivalently, by introducing Pauli blocking among some of quarks. The repulsive
force in short-distance region arises only from the "quark-exchange part", and
disappears when quark-exchange diagrams are omitted. We find that the strength
of repulsion grows in light quark-mass regime and its quark-mass dependence is
similar to or slightly stronger than that of the color-magnetic interaction by
one-gluon-exchange (OGE) processes. It is qualitatively consistent with the
constituent-quark model picture that a color-magnetic interaction among quarks
is the origin of repulsion. We also find a universal long-range attractive
force, which enters in any flavor channels of two scalar diquarks and whose
interaction range and strength are quark-mass independent. The weak quark-mass
dependence of interaction ranges in each component implies that meson-exchange
contributions are small and subdominant, and the other contributions, {\it ex.}
flavor exchange processes, color-Coulomb or color-magnetic interactions, are
considered to be predominant, in the quark-mass range we evaluated.Comment: 14 pages, 20 figure
Electronic Orders Induced by Kondo Effect in Non-Kramers f-Electron Systems
This paper clarifies the microscopic nature of the staggered scalar order,
which is specific to even number of f electrons per site. In such systems,
crystalline electric field (CEF) can make a singlet ground state. As exchange
interaction with conduction electrons increases, the CEF singlet at each site
gives way to Kondo singlets. The collective Kondo singlets are identified with
itinerant states that form energy bands. Near the boundary of itinerant and
localized states, a new type of electronic order appears with staggered Kondo
and CEF singlets. We present a phenomenological three-state model that
qualitatively reproduces the characteristic phase diagram, which have been
obtained numerically with use of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo
combined with the dynamical mean-field theory. The scalar order observed in
PrFe_4P_{12} is ascribed to this staggered order accompanying charge density
wave (CDW) of conduction electrons. Accurate photoemission and tunneling
spectroscopy should be able to probe sharp peaks below and above the Fermi
level in the ordered phase.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Electronic Order with Staggered Kondo and Crystalline Electric Field Singlets
Novel electronic order is found theoretically for a system where even number
of localized electrons per site are coupled with conduction electrons. For
precise quantitative study, a variant of the Kondo lattice model is taken with
crystalline electric field (CEF) singlet and triplet states for each site.
Using the dynamical mean-field theory combined with the continuous-time quantum
Monte Carlo method, a staggered order with alternating Kondo and CEF singlets
is identified for a case with one conduction electron per site being
distributed in two conduction bands each of which is quarter-filled. This
electronic order accompanies a charge density wave (CDW) of conduction
electrons that accumulate more on Kondo-singlet sites than on CEF-singlet
sites. Possible relevance of the present order to the scalar order in
PrFeP is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 17 figure
Unified description of long-time tails and long-range correlation functions for sheared granular liquids
Unified description on the long-time tail of velocity autocorrelation
function and the long-range correlation for the equal-time spatial correlation
functions is developed based on the generalized fluctuating hydrodynamics. The
cross-over of the long-time tail from to is predicted
independent of the density, and the equal-time spatial density correlation
function and the equal-time spatial velocity correlation function respectively
satisfy and for large limit.Comment: 10 pages. to be published in Euro. Phys. J.
Effect of Disorder on Fermi surface in Heavy Electron Systems
The Kondo lattice model with substitutional disorder is studied with
attention to the size of the Fermi surface and the associated Dingle
temperature. The model serves for understanding heavy-fermion Ce compounds
alloyed with La according to substitution Ce{x}La{1-x}. The Fermi surface is
identified from the steepest change of the momentum distribution of conduction
electrons, and is derived at low enough temperature by the dynamical mean-field
theory (DMFT) combined with the coherent potential approximation (CPA). The
Fermi surface without magnetic field increases in size with decreasing x from
x=1 (Ce end), and disappears at such x that gives the same number of localized
spins as that of conduction electrons. From the opposite limit of x=0 (La end),
the Fermi surface broadens quickly as x increases, but stays at the same
position as that of the La end. With increasing magnetic field, a metamagnetic
transition occurs, and the Fermi surface above the critical field changes
continuously across the whole range of x. The Dingle temperature takes a
maximum around x=0.5. Implication of the results to experimental observation is
discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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