Gauge and Lorentz transformation placed on the same foundation

In this note we show that a "dynamical" interaction for arbitrary spin can be constructed in a straightforward way if gauge and Lorentz transformations are placed on the same foundation. As Lorentz transformations act on space-time coordinates, gauge transformations are applied to the gauge field. Placing these two transformations on the same ground means that all quantized field like spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 spinors are functions not only of the coordinates but also of the gauge field components. This change of perspective solves a couple of problems occuring for higher spin fields like the loss of causality, bad high-energy properties and the deviation of the gyromagnetic ratio from its constant value g=2 for any spin, as caused by applying the minimal coupling. Starting with a "dynamical" interaction, a non-minimal coupling can be derived which is consistent with causality, the expectation for the gyromagnetic ratio, and well-behaved for high energies. As a consequence, on this stage the (elektromagnetic) gauge field has to be considered as classical field. Therefore, standard quantum field theory cannot be applied. Despite this inconvenience, such a common ground is consistent with an old dream of physicists almost a century ago. Our approach, therefore, indicates a straightforward way to realize this dream.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, published version. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0908.376

Probing scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e+ e- -> t tbar with transversely polarized beams

In searching for indications of new physics scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e^+ e^- \to t\bar t, we consider the role of transversely polarized initial beams at e^+ e^- colliders. By using a general relativistic spin density matrix formalism for describing the particles spin states, we find analytical expressions for the squared amplitude of the process with t or \bar t polarization measured, including the anomalous coupling contributions. Thanks to the transversely polarized initial beams these contributions are first order anomalous coupling corrections to the Standard Model (SM) contributions. We present and analyse the main features of the SM and anomalous coupling contributions. We show how differences between SM and anomalous coupling contributions provide means to search for anomalous coupling manifestations at future e^+ e^- linear colliders.Comment: 28 pages in LaTeX, including 7 encapsulated PostScript figures, published versio

ST. GEORGE'S RESPIRATORY QUESTIONNAIRE (SGRQ) IN THE LIFE QUALITY EVALUATION OF PATIENTS CURED OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Goal: to evaluate the life quality of patients cured of pulmonary tuberculosis. All patients had spirometry done. The life quality was assessed with the help of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for respiratory function evaluation. Average values for all questions of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire was lower compared to those healthy even in the patients with normal respiratory function. Data of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire had statistically confident correlation with spirometry rates, high co-efficient of test-retest correlation and agreement. Therefore St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire is a true and reliable tool for life quality evaluation of patients cured of pulmonary tuberculosis. The main factors providing impact on life quality were respiratory function disorders and severity of dyspnea

Simulating secondary organic aerosol from missing diesel-related intermediate-volatility organic compound emissions during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign

We present high-resolution (5g kmg × g 5g km) atmospheric chemical transport model (ACTM) simulations of the impact of newly estimated traffic-related emissions on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation over the UK for 2012. Our simulations include additional diesel-related intermediate-volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions derived directly from comprehensive field measurements at an urban background site in London during the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign. Our IVOC emissions are added proportionally to VOC emissions, as opposed to proportionally to primary organic aerosol (POA) as has been done by previous ACTM studies seeking to simulate the effects of these missing emissions. Modelled concentrations are evaluated against hourly and daily measurements of organic aerosol (OA) components derived from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements also made during the ClearfLo campaign at three sites in the London area. According to the model simulations, diesel-related IVOCs can explain on average ∼30g % of the annual SOA in and around London. Furthermore, the 90th percentile of modelled daily SOA concentrations for the whole year is 3.8g μg-3, constituting a notable addition to total particulate matter. More measurements of these precursors (currently not included in official emissions inventories) is recommended. During the period of concurrent measurements, SOA concentrations at the Detling rural background location east of London were greater than at the central London location. The model shows that this was caused by an intense pollution plume with a strong gradient of imported SOA passing over the rural location. This demonstrates the value of modelling for supporting the interpretation of measurements taken at different sites or for short durations

Нарушения респираторной функции легких у больных с посттуберкулезными изменениями

In most case, lung lesions of different character and extent remain after successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. High tuberculosis morbidity contributes to increasing numbers of patients with post-tuberculosis abnormalities. Pulmonary tuberculosis or its consequences could cause consistent changes of the lung function. Lung function abnormalities in patients survived pulmonary tuberculosis have been reviewed In this article. A high prevalence of such cases provides the need in spirometric testing. Routine identification of patients with post-tuberculosis pulmonary impairment requires revision of recommendations for spirometry use in tuberculosis patients.При клиническом излечении у большинства больных туберкулезом в легких остаются различные по характеру и протяженности остаточные изменения. Высокая заболеваемость туберкулезом способствует увеличению числа лиц с посттуберкулезными изменениями. У части больных туберкулезный процесс или его последствия вызывают стойкие нарушения функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД). В данном обзоре представлены работы, посвященные нарушениям ФВД у пациентов, излеченных от туберкулеза легких. Показано, что необходимость выполнения спирометрии обусловлена высокой частотой нарушений ФВД у больных, излеченных от туберкулеза. Продемонстрирована объективная взаимосвязь между нарушениями респираторной функции легких и развитием туберкулеза органов дыхания, однако механизм возникновения бронхиальной обструкции при туберкулезе остается неясным. Вероятно, эта взаимосвязь не зависит от курения и воздействия дыма от органического топлива. Важность данной проблемы обусловлена высокой заболеваемостью туберкулезом и глобальным увеличением распространенности хронической обструктивной болезни легких

La resolución enfermera en la atención de la demanda espontánea: clave para el funcionamiento de un CUAP

Introducción: los centros de urgencia de atención primaria (CUAP) surgen con el objetivo de abordar la patología de bajo y medio nivel de urgencia. La utilización por enfermería de algoritmos de actuación validados de los problemas de salud agudos leve (PSAL) incrementa la resolución enfermera. Objetivos: describir los problemas de salud agudos leves en personas adultas resueltos por el personal de enfermería en el CUAP de Manso mediante algoritmos de actuación. Justificación: la implicación de la enfermera en la atención a los problemas de salud agudos leves en los CUAP consolida su cartera de servicios y la sitúa en la puerta de entrada al sistema sanitario. Los algoritmos de actuación otorgan a la enfermera la capacidad de gestionar hasta el final la resolución de la demanda del usuario. Material y método: la recogida de datos se llevó a cabo durante 6 meses y se analizó el uso de los 20 algoritmos de actuación. La extracción de datos se realizó a partir de la historia clínica informatizada. Resultados: la utilización de los algoritmos de actuación permitió resolver por enfermería un total de 1575 demandas sanitarias. Los algoritmos más utilizados en la resolución fueron los correspondientes a: 27 %, heridas; 20 %, aplicación de técnicas, y en un 13 %, educación sanitaria. La edad media es de 40 años. El 43 % fueron hombres y el 57 % mujeres. Conclusiones: la utilización de algoritmos de actuación en la toma de decisiones permite que el personal de enfermería resuelva un gran número de problemas de salud aumentando su protagonismo en la actividad asistencial e incrementando su cartera de servicios. La educación sanitaria basada en las recomendaciones prescritas en los algoritmos puede ayudar a resolver un porcentaje elevado de consultas

An overview of the Jordanian oil shale: its chemical and geologic characteristics, exploration, reserves and feasibility for oil and cement production

Abstract Oil shale is the most abundant fossil energy resource discovered in Jordan, ranking third after the USA and Brazil in terms of oil shale reserves. This asset is considered to be Jordan's most extensive domestic fossil-fuel source. The identified reserves of this oil shale are huge and sufficient to satisfy the national energy needs for hundreds of years. Numerous geologic studies have shown that the country contains several oil shale deposits. These deposits are regarded as the richest in organic bituminous marl and limestone that occur at shallow depth. Jordanian oil shale is generally of a good quality, with relatively low ash and moisture contents, a gross calorific value of 7.5 MJ/kg, and an oil yield of 8 to 12%. The spent shale has residual carbon content that may be burned to produce further energy, and ash that can be used for cement and building materials. The current study summarizes the results of the former feasibility studies and discuses the scope of future usage of Jordanian oil shale. The value of this oil shale and its associated products is highlighted herein