Socially assistive robots in health and social care: Acceptance and cultural factors. Results from an exploratory international online survey

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThis study explored the views of an international sample of registered nurses and midwives working in health and social care concerning socially assistive robots (SARs), and the relationship between dimensions of culture and rejection of the idea that SARs had benefits in these settings. Methods: An online survey was used to obtain rankings of (among other topics) the extent to which SARs have benefits for health and social care. It also asked for free text responses regarding any concerns about SARs. Results: Most respondents were overwhelmingly positive about SARs' benefits. A small minority strongly rejected this idea, and qualitative analysis of the objections raised by them revealed three major themes: things might go wrong, depersonalization, and patient-related concerns. However, many participants who were highly accepting of the benefits of SARs expressed similar objections. Cultural dimensions of long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance feature prominently in technology acceptance research. Therefore, the relationship between the proportion of respondents from each country who felt that SARs had no benefits and each country's ratings on long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance were also examined. A significant positive correlation was found for long-term orientation, but not for uncertainty avoidance. Conclusion: Most respondents were positive about the benefits of SARs, and similar concerns about their use were expressed both by those who strongly accepted the idea that they had benefits and those who did not. Some evidence was found to suggest that cultural factors were related to rejecting the idea that SARs had benefit

Assessing the impact on clinical internship of problem-based learning applied to nursing studies

Resultados parciales de esta investigación fueron presentados en el XVIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Educación Médica y publicados como comunicación en Educ Med 2007; 10: 167Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto en la práctica clínica de la implantación de la metodología del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) aplicada a los estudios de enfermería. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio longitudinal prospectivo en dos cohortes de estudiantes de enfermería: el grupo intervención fue la promoción 2005-2006 de la escuela de enfermería, que recibió su educación con la metodología del ABP, y el grupo control fue la promoción de 2004-2005, que recibió su formación a través de otras metodologías docentes, fundamentalmente clases magistrales y seminarios. Se analizó la posible asociación, en cada uno de los elementos del formulario de evaluación del tutor, entre la calificación obtenida por los estudiantes y la metodología de aprendizaje empleada durante su educación (ABP o no ABP). Los criterios de evaluación fueron: responsabilidad, iniciativa, habilidad y destreza en técnicas y procedimientos manuales, organización y metodología en las actividades, comunicación/relación con usuarios y familiares y comunicación/relación con el equipo de trabajo, y grado de consecución de los objetivos docentes. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 651 formularios de evaluación válidos, 383 para el grupo control y 268 para el grupo intervención. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo en el tercer año, en la categoría ‘habilidad y destreza en las técnicas relacionadas con los procedimientos manuales’ (p = 0,007). El grupo control obtuvo una mejor puntuación. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que el uso de ABP en la formación académica de los estudiantes de enfermería no modifica la puntuación obtenida en su práctica clínica en las categorías recogidas en nuestra herramienta de evaluaciónAim. To assess the impact on clinical internship of problem-based learning (PBL) methodology applied to nursing studies. Subjects and methods. Longitudinal and prospective study of two cohorts of nursing students: the intervention group was the promotion 2005-2006 of the nursing school, that received their education with PBL, and the control group was the promotion 2004-2005 of the nursing school, that received their education with other pedagogic methods, mainly lectures and seminars. We analysed the possible correlation in each of the items on the mentor’s assessment form between the grade obtained by students and the learning methodology employed during their education (PBL or non-PBL). The assessment criteria were: responsibility; initiative; skill and proficiency in techniques related to manual procedures; organization and methodology in activities carried out; communication/relationship with patients and families; communication/ relationship with the work team; and degree to which training objectives were reached. Results. We had 651 valid assessment forms, 383 for the control group and 268 for the intervention group. Clear significant differences were found only in the third year, in the ‘skill and proficiency in techniques related to manual process’ category (p = 0.007). The control group had higher scores. Conclusions. The results suggest that the use of PBL in students’ academic coursework does not modify the score obtained in their clinical internship on the items specified in our assessment toolFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (proyecto PI052806

A mixed methods study using case studies prepared by nursing students as a clinical practice evaluation tool

Aim: To identify the presence of variability in the evaluation of case studies prepared by nursing students during their primary care rotations based on the existing evaluation rubric. To explore the difficulties experienced by link lecturers and students in preparing and evaluating case studies. Design: A mixed methods study. Methods: The scores for the rubric items and the final grades for the case studies were collected from a sample of 132 cases. Qualitative information was collected by conducting open-ended interviews with lecturers and a focus group session with students. Results: Statistically significant differences were identified between the lecturers' mean final grades [F(5.136) = 3.984, p = 0.002] and a variety of items in the evaluation rubric (p < 0.05). In addition, effect sizes [η2 (≈0.14)] of considerable magnitude were found. Two themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1). the challenge of preparing the case studies and (2). the variable nature of the evaluations.This study is part of a teaching innovation project entitled ‘Strategies for harmonising clinical practice evaluation standards’, approved by the Autonomous University of Madrid Teaching Innovation Ethical Committee, involving internal and external evaluators, with reference number M_015.18_INN. We would like to thank the students and link lecturers for their collaboration in the study.S

A mixed methods study using case studies prepared by nursing students as a clinical practice evaluation tool

To identify the presence of variability in the evaluation of case studies prepared by nursing students during their primary care rotations based on the existing evaluation rubric. To explore the difficulties experienced by link lecturers and students in preparing and evaluating case studies. A mixed methods study. The scores for the rubric items and the final grades for the case studies were collected from a sample of 132 cases. Qualitative information was collected by conducting open-ended interviews with lecturers and a focus group session with students. Statistically significant differences were identified between the lecturers' mean final grades [F(5.136) = 3.984, p= 0.002] and a variety of items in the evaluation rubric (p< 0.05). In addition, effect sizes [η2 (≈0.14)] of considerable magnitude were found. Two themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1). the challenge of preparing the case studies and (2). the variable nature of the evaluation

Nursing diagnoses of individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis /chronic fatigue syndrome: research protocol for a qualitative synthesis

Although previously developed qualitative studies have explored the experience of illness of individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, these findings have not been undertaken for the purpose of enabling the identification of nursing care needs in such patients. This study aims to identify NANDA-I nursing diagnoses of adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome based on a qualitative literature review of their experience of illness. The protocol includes: searches in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, SciELO, LILACS, and Cuiden; and manual searches in specialised journals and the references of the included studies. The authors will systematically search qualitative research studies published in databases from 1994 to 2021. Searches are limited to studies in Spanish and English. All stages of the review process will be carried out independently by two reviewers. Any disagreements shall be resolved through joint discussions, involving a third reviewer if necessary. The findings will be synthesised into a thematic analysis informed by the Domains and Classes of the NANDA-I Classification of Nursing Diagnoses, which will then serve to identify nursing diagnoses. This review will enable nursing professionals to identify the care needs of individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome by taking into consideration their experience of illness in its entiret

From students to nurses under pressure: Nursing students' entry into employment during the first COVID-19 wave

To describe the experiences of nursing students and their mental health as they entered employment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May–June 2020). Background: As other healthcare professionals, nursing students who worked during the first COVID-19 wave suffered from dysfunctional mental health symptoms. Design: Sequential, mixed-method, multicentre study. Methods: The study population comprised 92 students in the third and fourth year of the Nursing degree at three Spanish universities, who entered employment during the pandemic. Data were collected between May and June 2020. In the quantitative phase, data were collected using an online questionnaire containing both validated anxiety and stress scales. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and a reflexive thematic analysis of the qualitative data were carried out, and analyses were combined. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. Results: The combined quantitative and qualitative results were organised into five thematic areas: (1) Interruption of clinical placements, (2) Entering employment on a healthcare assistant contract, (3) Preventing contagion, (4) Adapting to the situation and managing emotions, and (5) Lessons learned. Conclusion: The students had a positive overall experience of entering employment, as they were able to develop their nursing skills. However, they had an emotional impact in form of stress caused by excessive responsibility, academic uncertainty, lack of personal protective equipment and training in its use, and the possibility of spreading disease to their family members. Relevance to Clinical Practice: In the current context, changes must be made in study programmes to instruct nursing students to be able to cope with extreme clinical situations, such as pandemics. The programmes should include a more extensive coverage of epidemics and pandemics and management of emotional aspects such as resilienc

Estrés y ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19

To compare anxiety and acute stress levels among nursing students who joined the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and those who did not. A cross-sectional, multicentre descriptive study across three Spanish public universities. A total of 216 nursing students participated in our study. Data collection was carried through an online questionnaire, that included variables on conditions for entering the labour market, the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses. Overall, 42.6% (n=92) of the students entered the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The global anxiety score was x̄=36.31 (SD=5.71) and the stress score was x̄=82.39 (SD=30.84). Lower anxiety levels were observed among those who joined the labour market (x̄=35.67; SD=5.78) as compared to those who did not (x̄=36.73; SD=5.67). Overall 92.4% of the students were acutely stressed. Acute stress was higher among those who did not work (x̄=84.35; SD=32.38) and significantly in women. Nursing students were able to cope with stress in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A healthy worker effect could not be ruled out. Stress and anxiety among nursing students should be considered by clinical practice preceptors and at the time students first enter the labour marketThis study was funded by the Oficial Professional Nursing College of Lleid

From students to nurses under pressure: Nursing students' entry into employment during the first COVID-19 wave

Aims and objective: To describe the experiences of nursing students and their mental health as they entered employment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May–June 2020). Background: As other healthcare professionals, nursing students who worked during the first COVID-19 wave suffered from dysfunctional mental health symptoms. Design: Sequential, mixed-method, multicentre study. Methods: The study population comprised 92 students in the third and fourth year of the Nursing degree at three Spanish universities, who entered employment during the pandemic. Data were collected between May and June 2020. In the quantitative phase, data were collected using an online questionnaire containing both validated anxiety and stress scales. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and a reflexive thematic analysis of the qualitative data were carried out, and analyses were combined. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. Results: The combined quantitative and qualitative results were organised into five thematic areas: (1) Interruption of clinical placements, (2) Entering employment on a healthcare assistant contract, (3) Preventing contagion, (4) Adapting to the situation and managing emotions, and (5) Lessons learned. Conclusion: The students had a positive overall experience of entering employment, as they were able to develop their nursing skills. However, they had an emotional impact in form of stress caused by excessive responsibility, academic uncertainty, lack of personal protective equipment and training in its use, and the possibility of spreading disease to their family members. Relevance to Clinical Practice: In the current context, changes must be made in study programmes to instruct nursing students to be able to cope with extreme clinical situations, such as pandemics. The programmes should include a more extensive coverage of epidemics and pandemics and management of emotional aspects such as resilience.The authors disclosed receipt of financial support for the development of this study from the 29th edition of the prize Josep María Camps Balagué, sponsored by ‘Colegio oficial de enfermeras y enfermeros de Lleida’. Open Access funding provided by University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Avaliação de uma intervenção educacional (edworkcases) envolvendo casos clínicos e estudantes de Enfermagem: um estudo observacional transversal

Objective:&nbsp;to evaluate the impact of the (edworkcases) educational intervention on students’ evaluation outcomes in their clinical practices, their attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses, and their satisfaction.&nbsp;Method:&nbsp;this study used a cross-sectional observational design. The participants were 69 third-year Nursing students from a public university in Madrid, Spain. The data analysed in the study were the grades obtained by students for their clinical practices, as well as pre-post intervention scores on the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale and a satisfaction survey. A means comparison by participation in the project (yes/no) was carried out using Student’s&nbsp;t-test. A means comparison by professor was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;participation rate: 72.4%; 92% of the participants were women; median age = 21 years old. Statistically significant differences were found between participants and non-participants in terms of mean score in the Overall Evaluation and in the Case Study Evaluation, with higher scores found among the group of participants. The mean score for attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses was 99.9 (SD=2.8) before the intervention and 111.1 (SD=2.9) after the intervention [95% CI: 3.3-19.2].&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;the use of (edworkcases) as part of the practical training was considered satisfactory, enabling theory and practice to be combined and improving students’ attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses.Objetivo:&nbsp;evaluar el efecto de la intervención educativa (edworkcases) sobre los resultados de la evaluación de los estudiantes en sus prácticas clínicas, sus actitudes hacia los diagnósticos de Enfermería y su nivel de satisfacción.&nbsp;Método:&nbsp;en este estudio se empleó un diseño transversal y observacional. Los participantes fueron 68 estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Enfermería de una universidad pública de Madrid, España. Los datos que se analizaron en el estudio fueron las calificaciones obtenidas por los estudiantes en sus prácticas clínicas, al igual que las puntuaciones antes y después de la intervención en la Escala de Posicionamiento ante el Diagnóstico de Enfermería y en una encuesta de satisfacción. Se utilizó la prueba&nbsp;t de Student para realizar una comparación de valores medios por participación en el proyecto (sí/no). La comparación de valores medios por profesor se llevó a cabo por medio de pruebas Kruskal-Wallis.&nbsp;Resultados:&nbsp;índice de participación: 72,4%; el 92% de los participantes eran mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 21 años. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre participantes y no participantes en cuanto a la puntuación media en la Evaluación General y en la Evaluación de Estudios de Caso, con puntuaciones más elevadas en el grupo de participantes. Las puntuaciones medias correspondientes a las actitudes con respecto a los diagnósticos de Enfermería fueron 99,9 (SD=2,8) y 111.1 (SD=2.9) antes y después de la intervención, respectivamente [IC 95%: 3,3-19,2].&nbsp;Conclusión:&nbsp;se consideró satisfactorio utilizar&nbsp;edworkcases&nbsp;como parte te la capacitación práctica, lo que permitió combinar teoría y práctica y mejorar las actitudes de los estudiantes con respecto a los diagnósticos de Enfermería.Objetivo:&nbsp;avaliar o impacto da intervenção educacional (edworkcases) nos resultados da avaliação dos alunos em suas práticas clínicas, suas atitudes em relação aos diagnósticos de Enfermagem e sua satisfação.&nbsp;Método:&nbsp;estudo observacional transversal, realizado com 69 estudantes do terceiro ano de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública de Madri, Espanha. Os dados analisados foram obtidos das notas dos alunos em suas práticas clínicas, bem como, os escores pré- e pós-intervenção na Escala de Posições frente ao Diagnóstico de Enfermagem e uma pesquisa de satisfação. A comparação de médias por participação no projeto (sim/não) foi realizada por meio do teste&nbsp;t de Student. A comparação de médias por professor foi realizada por meio de testes de Kruskal-Wallis.&nbsp;Resultados:&nbsp;taxa de participação: 72,4%; 92% dos participantes eram mulheres; mediana de idade de 21 anos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre participantes e não participantes em termos de pontuação média na Avaliação Geral e na Avaliação do Estudo de Caso, com maiores pontuações encontradas entre o grupo de participantes. A pontuação média das atitudes em relação aos diagnósticos de Enfermagem foi de 99,9 (DP=2,8) antes da intervenção e 111,1 (DP=2,9) após a intervenção [IC 95%: 3,3-19,2].&nbsp;Conclusão:&nbsp;a utilização de&nbsp;edworkcases&nbsp;como parte do treinamento prático foi considerada satisfatória, permitindo a articulação teoria e prática e melhorando as atitudes dos alunos em relação aos diagnósticos de Enfermagem

Evaluación de una intervención educativa (edworkcases) que involucra casos clínicos y estudiantes de enfermería: estudio transversal y observacional

To evaluate the impact of the (edworkcases) educational intervention on students’ evaluation outcomes in their clinical practices, their attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses, and their satisfaction. This study used a cross-sectional observational design. The participants were 69 third-year Nursing students from a public university in Madrid, Spain. The data analysed in the study were the grades obtained by students for their clinical practices, as well as pre-post intervention scores on the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale and a satisfaction survey. A means comparison by participation in the project (yes/no) was carried out using Student’s t-test. A means comparison by professor was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Participation rate: 72.4%; 92% of the participants were women; median age = 21 years old. Statistically significant differences were found between participants and non-participants in terms of mean score in the Overall Evaluation and in the Case Study Evaluation, with higher scores found among the group of participants. The mean score for attitudes towards Nursing diagnoses was 99.9 (SD=2.8) before the intervention and 111.1 (SD=2.9) after the intervention [95% CI: 3.3 19.2]. The use of (edworkcases) as part of the practical training was considered satisfactory, enabling theory and practice to be combined and improving students’ attitudes towards Nursing diagnose