2,703 research outputs found
Room Temperature Reversible Spin Hall Effect
Reversible spin Hall effect comprising the "direct" and "inverse" spin Hall
effects was successfully detected at room temperature. This experimental
demonstration proves the fundamental relations called Onsager reciprocal
relations between spin and charge currents. A platinum wire with a strong
spin-orbit interaction is used not only as a spin current absorber but also as
a spin current source in the present lateral structure specially designed for
clear detection of both charge and spin accumulations via the spin-orbit
interaction. The obtained spin Hall conductivity is much larger than the
reported value of Aluminum wire because of the larger spin-orbit interaction.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
ASCA Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7582: An Obscured and Scattered View of the Hidden Nucleus
ASCA observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7582 revealed it was highly
variable on the timescale of s in the hard X-ray (2-10 keV)
band, while the soft X-ray (0.5-2 keV) flux remained constant during the
observations.
The spectral analysis suggests that this object is seen through an obscuring
torus with the thickness of N. The
hard X-ray is an absorbed direct continuum from a hidden Seyfert 1 nucleus; the
soft X-ray is dominated by the scattered central continuum from an extended
spatial region. Thus we have an obscured/absorbed and a scattered view of this
source as expected from the unification model for Seyfert galaxies.
More interestingly, the inferred X-ray column was observed to increase by
from 1994 to 1996, suggesting a ``patchy''
torus structure, namely the torus might be composed of many individual clouds.
The observed iron line feature near 6.4 keV with the equivalent width of 170 eV
is also consistent with the picture of the transmission of nuclear X-ray
continuum through a non-uniform torus.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. To be appear in PASJ 50 No.5 (1998 Oct.25 issue
Soybean protein fraction digested with neutral protease preparation, "Peptidase R", produced by Rhizopus oryzae, stimulates innate cellular immune system in mouse
ArticleInternational Immunopharmacology. 9(7-8):931-936 (2009)journal articl
Electron-phonon interaction in transition metal diborides TB_2 (T=Zr, Nb, Ta) studied by point-contact spectroscopy
The electron-phonon interaction (EPI) in transition metal diborides TB_2
(T=Zr, Nb, Ta) is investigated by point-contact (PC) spectroscopy. The PC EPI
functions were recovered and the EPI parameters lambda<0.1 were estimated for
all three compounds. Common and distinctive features between the EPI functions
for those diborides are discussed also in connection with the superconductivity
in MgB_2.Comment: V2: minor changes, Ref.[21] added, publ. in PR
The ASCA X-ray spectrum of the powerful radio galaxy 3C109
We report the results from an ASCA X-ray observation of the powerful Broad
Line Radio Galaxy, 3C109. The ASCA spectra confirm our earlier ROSAT detection
of intrinsic X-ray absorption associated with the source. The absorbing
material obscures a central engine of quasar-like luminosity. The luminosity is
variable, having dropped by a factor of two since the ROSAT observations 4
years before. The ASCA data also provide evidence for a broad iron emission
line from the source, with an intrinsic FWHM of ~ 120,000 km/s. Interpreting
the line as fluorescent emission from the inner parts of an accretion disk, we
can constrain the inclination of the disk to be degree, and the inner
radius of the disk to be Schwarzschild radii. Our results support
unified schemes for active galaxies, and demonstrate a remarkable similarity
between the X-ray properties of this powerful radio source, and those of lower
luminosity, Seyfert 1 galaxies.Comment: MNRAS in press. 7 pages, 5 figures in MNRAS LaTex styl
Transitional Complexity of Social Insect Immunity
Genomic analyses between insects are often conducted by comparing host genomes to that of Drosophila. For honey bees, this led to the claim that the evolutionary transition to eusociality resulted in a reduction of immunity-related genes. Although this claim pervades the literature, contradictory evidence exists. Many genomic studies, however, are not comparable due to methodological differences, and only focus on the physiological aspect of the immune system, thus potentially missing other immunity components. We advocate more comprehensive comparative studies, as well as the analysis of insect-associated defensive microbiotas to improve our understanding of the complexity of social insect immunity
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