Oceans and the Sustainable Development Goals: Co-Benefits, Climate Change & Social Equity

Achieving ocean sustainability is paramount for coastal communities and marine industries, yet is also inextricably linked to much broader global sustainable development—including increased resilience to climate change and improved social equity—as envisioned by the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This report highlights the co-benefits from achieving each SDG 14 target: progress towards each of the other 161 SDG targets when ocean targets are met, given ten-year lag times between ocean targets and other SDG targets. The identification of co-benefits is based on input from more than 30 scientific experts in the Nereus Program. Below we highlight notable co-benefits of achieving each target within SDG 14

Indigenous peoples, the world we want to live in

Empowering coastal indigenous peoples can strengthen artisanal fishers at large through social equity and sustainable development that will result in a wealth of cultures and worldviews

Arsenic-Based Anticancer-Combined Therapy: Novel Mechanism Inducing Apoptosis of Cancer Cells

Arsenic, known as both a naturally occurring toxic element and a traditionally used drug, has caught a great deal of attention from worldwide people due to its curable anticancer effect in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Among the arsenicals, arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been the most widely used anticancer drug. Since ATO exerts an anticancer effect by mediating apoptosis, numerous studies have made efforts to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which ATO activates and/or mediates the apoptotic signaling pathway in cancer cells. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to a paradigm shift away from the traditional cytotoxic drugs toward the targeting of proteins closely associated with driving the cancer phenotype. Here, we discuss novel current arsenic-based combination therapies to treat cancer in both clinical and experimental settings. We also discuss the novel molecular mechanism underlying apoptosis induced by the combined therapies

Defining mangrove-fisheries: A typology from the Perancak Estuary, Bali, Indonesia.

This study develops a definition of what mangrove-fisheries can encompass, incorporating a broad range of their possible characteristics. A detailed case study was conducted to develop a typology of mangrove-fishing in the Perancak Estuary, Bali, Indonesia, using interview surveys to investigate the fishing activities associated with mangroves. This case study demonstrated the complexity that a mangrove-fishery can entail, where fishing is connected to the mangrove forest by fishers of multiple sectors, functions, locations and temporal scales. Through a comparison with other mangrove-fishing communities in Bali, it also highlighted that mangrove-fisheries are variable even when in close proximity. With particular reference to this case study, a framework was developed as a flexible tool for identifying the multiple dimensions of a mangrove-fishery in a local context. Following this framework should encourage researchers and managers to look outside of the groups of fishers traditionally expected to benefit from mangrove fishing. This will enable the development of a broader definition of mangrove-fisheries in a site specific way. Identifying the full scope of fishers that contribute to or benefit from a mangrove-fishery is the first step towards building management measures that reflect the interests of groups of fishers that may otherwise remain under-represented. This is in line with international efforts for sustainability, especially in promoting small-scale fishers' access to sustainable resources under the UN Sustainable Development Goals

The Human Relationship with Our Ocean Planet

This paper applies a historical lens to illustrate the differing economic, legal, institutional, social and cultural relationships people of varying cultures have with the ocean. Focusing on the institutions that affect access and rights, this paper addresses concerns about the appropriation of marine resources and displacement of indigenous visions for ocean governance by identifying ways these culturally distinct institutions are compatible and charting a path toward inclusive ocean governance

We have never been global

Fisheries economics has recently earned a seat at the global fisheries governance table, with everything from subsidies, to high seas fisheries, to Indigenous rights, food security, and human rights now being open for global assessment. The papers in which these studies are housed are in high impact journals, are highly cited, and tend to get great media coverage, constituting the narratives of ‘global oceans’. While we agree that many fisheries economics issues are salient and, thus lend themselves to assessments above and beyond firm or national economics, we argue that we should be thinking of these things in an international/world wide context, piecing local, national, and regional cases together, rather than starting global. Part of the rationale for this is that decision-makers and journalists look at global maps of economics outputs and pick their part of the world to scrutinize, wondering what the global model means for their bay or port. Additionally, the rationale may reproduce unintended political elision that reinforces the discursive parameters of economic risks and social uncertainty without fields of reality. We introduce a perspective from political ecology, encouraging researchers and practitioners to develop critical perspectives on the global economics bandwagon, suggesting that it’s important to understand context-specific characteristics of the social and economic determinants that impact livelihoods, communities, industrial sectors, national policies, and historical contexts. We argue that this perspective can help us to move towards ‘implementation science’, whereby insights from fisheries economics can more easily be translated into policy change

Rapid Disease Progression of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Five Months after Cessation of Pembrolizumab

We report a case of late-onset hyperprogressive disease after cessation of a PD-1 inhibitor. A male was diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with little progression for 2 months before treatment. He received pembrolizumab as a second-line treatment and was subsequently prescribed docetaxel for 3 months until a slight increase in pleural effusion. At the time of progression to docetaxel, he commenced prednisolone because of immune-system-related diarrhea. After that, his general condition rapidly worsened with severe fatigue and hypoxia. Computed tomography revealed a massive increase of pleural effusion and replacement of almost the entire liver with cancer over a period of 5 weeks

Experimental Study of a Novel Method of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using a Combination of Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support and Liposome-encapsulated Hemoglobin (TRM645)

Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) has been applied for cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). We have developed a novel method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation using PCPS combined with liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (TRM645) to improve oxygen delivery to vital organs. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced to an adult goat for 10 min. Next, PCPS (30 ml/kg/min, V/Q: 1) was performed for 20 min. Then, external defibrillation was attempted and observed for 120 min. The TRM group (n5) was filled with 300 mL of TRM645 for the PCPS circuit. The control group (n5) was filled with the same volume of saline. The delivery of oxygen (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) decreased markedly by PCPS after CPA, compared to the preoperative values. DO2 was kept at a constant level during PCPS in both groups, but VO2 slowly decreased at 5, 10, and 15 min of PCPS in the control groups, demonstrating that systemic oxygen metabolism decreased with time. In contrast, the decreases in VO2 were small in the TRM group at 5, 10, and 15 min of PCPS, demonstrating that TRM645 continuously maintained systemic oxygen consumption even at a low flow rate. AST and LDH in the TRM group were lower than the control. There were significant differences at 120 min after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (p&#60;0.05).</p