Variations in high density cholesterol levels based on apolipoprotein E variant and exercise type

In various cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, exercise has been associated with cardiometabolic outcomes, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Exercise-induced changes in HDL cholesterol seem to be affected by genetic polymorphisms. In this study, we examined whether variant APOE rs7412 is involved in the association between HDL cholesterol and exercise. From adults assessed in Taiwan Biobank (TWB) between 2008 and 2019, we analyzed data from 57,638 normolipidemic subjects. To examine the association between exercise, APOE rs7412, and HDL cholesterol, a multiple linear regression model was used. A higher HDL was associated with both aerobic exercise (regression coefficient [mg/dL] beta- (β), 1.112; 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.903–1.322) and resistance exercise (β, 2.530; 95% CI, 2.093–2.966). In comparison with the APOE rs7412-CC genotype, the β was 2.589 (95% CI, 2.329–2.848) among those with the CT + TT genotype. Compared to adults who had the CC genotype and did not exercise (the CC/no exercise group), the β-coefficient determined for the different genotype and exercise groups was 1.135 (95% CI, 0.911–1.359) for the CC genotype and aerobic exercise group, 2.753 (95% CI, 2.283–3.322) for the CC genotype and resistance exercise group, 2.705 (95% CI, 2.390–3.020) for the CT + TT genotype and no exercise group, 3.682 (95% CI, 3.218–4.146) for the CT + TT genotype and aerobic exercise group, and 3.855 (95% CI, 2.727–4.982) for the CT + TT genotype and resistance exercise group, respectively. This study demonstrates that self-reported aerobic and resistance exercise both raised HDL levels, yet resistance exercise was associated with a greater increase, particularly among Taiwanese subjects carrying the APOE rs7412-CT+TT genotype

Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson’s disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with an elusive etiology that involves the interaction between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Recently, epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, have been recognized to play an important role in the onset of PD. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein crucial for immune cell activation and maturation, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the risk of PD. This research aims to investigate the influence of exercise and gender on the regulation of methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in individuals.MethodsWe analyze data from 2,474 participants in the Taiwan Biobank, collected from 2008 and 2016. Methylation levels at the GPNMB cg17274742 CpG site were measured using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC beads. After excluding individuals with incomplete data or missing information on possible risk factors, our final analysis included 1,442 participants. We used multiple linear regression models to assess the association between sex and exercise with adjusted levels of GPNMB cg17274742 for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, coffee consumption, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension.ResultsOur results demonstrated that exercise significantly influenced the methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in males (β = −0.00242; p = 0.0026), but not in females (β = −0.00002362; p = 0.9785). Furthermore, male participants who exercised showed significantly lower levels of methylation compared to the reference groups of the female and non-exercising reference groups (β = −0.00357; p = 0.0079). The effect of the interaction between gender and exercise on the methylation of GPNMB cg17274742 was statistically significant (p = 0.0078).ConclusionThis study suggests that gender and exercise can modulate GPNMB cg17274742, with hypomethylation observed in exercise men. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of these epigenetic changes in the context of risk and prevention strategies

Dexmedetomidine effects on pain mitigation of thermal disbudding in goat kids

摘要 為仔羊去角芽是乳羊飼養時常見的處置，主要目的在減少羊隻因打鬥造成的損傷並方便控制羊群。大多數的去角芽術都是侵入性的，會造成急性的疼痛與緊迫以甚至腦組織的破壞，因此，疼痛的緩解也是去角芽術的重點。本研究的目的在於測定dexmedetomidine對仔山羊燒烙去解後疼痛缓解的效應。將35隻2-9日齡的仔羊隨機分配至6個組別，分別為假去角芽組（SD, n=6）；以電熱去角器（295 oC - 326 oC，每個角芽燒灼4-7秒）進行熱烙鐵去角芽術（D, n=6）；給予lidocain及meloxicam後再進行熱烙鐵去角芽術（LMD, n=6）；先給予lidocaine後進行熱烙鐵去角芽術，再肌肉注射meloxicam（LDM, n=6）；給予dexmedetomidine、meloxicam及lidocaine(環形阻斷)後進行熱烙鐵去角芽術（DMLD, n=6）；對照上組，後肌肉注射dexmedetomidine後給予生理食鹽水（DSSD, n=6）。實驗結果顯示，在所有的組別中，血漿cortisol濃度在去角芽後便立即顯著上升，而給予鎮靜劑的仔羊，其cortisol濃度相對較低，且cortisol濃度在去角芽的前後並無顯著差異，在使用lidocaine及meloxicam的組別中，cortisol的濃度並沒有顯著差異。鳴叫與踢腿的強度在D組的仔羊中最為強烈（100 %），而經dexmedetomidine鎮靜的仔羊則沒有發生鳴叫的情況。比起給予lidocaine及meloxicam的仔羊，給予dexmedetomidine的仔羊的疼痛癥狀較少，前者在去角芽後較常出現甩頭、鳴叫、擺尾、踢腿和耳朵抽動。在給予鎮靜劑的仔羊中，其心跳速率在去角芽後立刻顯著下降（P<0.05）。本研究顯示dexmedetomidine在去角芽時減輕疼痛的效果，因此建議在以燒灼方式進行仔羊去角芽術前應先給予dexmedetomidine。在實驗期間並未觀察到任何併發症。ABSTRACT Disbudding of goat kids is common among dairy goat producers and is aimed at reducing fighting related injuries as well as facilitating handling of the confined animals. Most of the techniques used to disbud kids appear to be invasive, cause acute pain and stress, and involve tissue destruction. Pain mitigation is relevant during disbudding. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on pain mitigation of thermal disbudding in goat kids. Thirty five kids, 4 - 9 days of age, were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups; Sham disbudded (SD, n = 6); hot-iron disbudded using a heated electric dehorner (295 - 326 oC) applied 4 - 7 seconds per horn bud (D, n = 6); hot-iron disbudded after lidocaine and meloxicam (LMD, n = 6); hot-iron disbudded after lidocaine but prior to intramuscular injection of meloxicam (LDM, n = 5); hot-iron disbudded after dexmedetomidine, meloxicam and lidocaine (DeMLD, n = 6); hot iron disbudded after intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine and saline, followed by a ring block with saline (DeSSD, n = 6). The results indicated that plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly elevated immediately after disbudding in all groups, whereas the sedated kids had relatively lower values that showed no significant differences pre and post-disbudding. Vocalizations and kicks were of greatest intensity in the D kids (100%), whereas kids sedated with dexmedetomidine did not vocalize. The dexmedetomidine treated kids displayed least painful signs compared with kids treated with lidocaine and meloxicam that showed more head shakes, vocalizations, tail wagging, kicks and ear flicks following disbudding. No significant differences were found in cortisol concentration among kids that were treated with lidocaine and meloxicam. Heart rates were significantly decreased right after disbudding in the sedated kids (P < 0.05). No observable complications were recorded during the study. This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine and is thereby recommended to be administered prior to thermal disbudding of kids.TABLE OF CONTENTS LITERATURE REVIEW 1 1. Horn anatomy and growth in domestic ruminants 1 2. Disbudding and dehorning 2 2.1. Significance of disbudding 2 2.2. Disbudding age 3 2.3. Disbudding and dehorning practices 3 2.4. Disbudding methods 4 2.4.1. Cauterization 5 2.4.2. Amputation 6 2.4.3. Chemical 6 2.4.4. Physical removal 7 2.5. Welfare concerns when disbudding young ruminants 7 2.5.1. Acute pain and distress 8 2.5.2. Pain assessment 8 2.5.2.1. Physiologic and behavioral evaluation 8 2.5.2.1.1. Behavioral evaluation 9 2.5.2.1.2. Physiological evaluation 9 2.5.3. Pain management 10 2.5.3.1. Local anesthesia 11 2.5.3.2. Analgesia 11 2.5.3.3. Sedation 12 2.6. Sequelae associated with disbudding/dehorning 13 2.7. Disbudding of kids – key considerations 14 2.7.1. Retrospective analysis and clinical relevance 14 2.7.2. Anatomical concepts 15 2.7.3. Options 16 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 17 2.1. Animals and tools 17 2.1.1. Animals 17 2.1.2. Disbudding tools 17 2.2. Experimental Procedures 18 2.2.1. Data collection 20 2.2.2. Blood sampling 23 2.3. Cortisol analysis 23 2.4. Statistical analysis 23 3. RESULTS 24 3.1. Cortisol concentration 24 3.2. Behavior of kids 25 3.3. Heart rate 27 3.4. Body temperature 28 3.5. Respiratory rate 2

Association between Aerobic Exercise and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels across Various Ranges of Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio and the Modulating Role of the Hepatic Lipase rs1800588 Variant

Changes in concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are modified by several factors. We examined the relationship between aerobic exercise and HDL-C among different categories of body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and the impact of rs1800588 variant in the hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene. We analyzed data from 6184 men and 8353 women aged 30&ndash;70 years. Participants were grouped into two WHR categories: Normal (0 &lt; WHR &lt; 0.9 for men and 0 &lt; WHR &lt; 0.8 for women) and abnormal (WHR &ge; 0.9 for men and WHR &ge; 0.8 for women). The BMI categories were: Underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 &le; BMI &lt; 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 &le; BMI &lt; 27 kg/m2), and obese (BMI &ge; 27 kg/m2). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate associations between HDL-C and exercise. Aerobic exercise was significantly associated with higher HDL-C (&beta; = 1.18325; p &lt; 0.0001) when compared with no exercise. HDL-C was significantly lower in persons with abnormal compared to those with normal WHR (&beta; = &minus;3.06689; p &lt; 0.0001). Compared with normal weight, overweight and obese categories were associated with lower HDL-C, with &beta; values of &minus;4.31095 and &minus;6.44230, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). Unlike rs1800588 CT and TT genotypes, associations between aerobic exercise and HDL were not significant among CC carriers no matter their BMI or WHR

Metabolic syndrome risk in adult coffee drinkers with the rs301 variant of the LPL gene

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors is influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. We explored whether coffee consumption and the rs301 variant of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene are related to MetS. Methods We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses using data gathered from 9523 subjects in Taiwan Biobank (TWB). Results Our findings indicated that individuals who consumed coffee had a reduced odds ratio (OR) for MetS (0.750 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.653–0.861) compared to non-coffee drinkers. Additionally, the risk of MetS was lower for individuals with the ‘TC’ and ‘CC’ genotypes of rs301 compared to those with the ‘TT’ genotype. Specifically, the OR for MetS was 0.827 (95% CI 0.721–0.949) for the ‘TC’ genotype and 0.848 (95% CI 0.610–1.177) for the ‘CC’ genotype. We observed an interaction between coffee consumption and the rs301 variant, with a p-value for the interaction of 0.0437. Compared to the reference group (‘no coffee drinking/TT’), the ORs for MetS were 0.836 (95% CI 0.706–0.992) for ‘coffee drinking/TT’, 0.557 (95% CI 0.438–0.707) for ‘coffee drinking/TC’, and 0.544 (95% CI 0.319–0.927) for ‘coffee drinking/CC’. Notably, MetS was not observed in non-coffee drinkers regardless of their rs301 genotype. Conclusion Our findings suggest that rs301 genotypes may protect against MetS in Taiwanese adults who consume coffee compared to non-coffee drinkers

The Impact of Aerobic Exercise and Badminton on HDL Cholesterol Levels in Adult Taiwanese

Elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). An active lifestyle is necessary in order to improve lipid HDL-C, including (but not limited to) physical exercise. Research on the association between badminton, an intermittent exercise, and HDL-C is limited. We investigated the impact of aerobic exercise and badminton on HDL-C levels in Taiwanese adults. The sociodemographic data of 7797 participants comprising 3559 men and 4238 women aged between 30 to 70 years were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank. The participants were grouped into three exercise categories&#8212;no exercise, aerobic exercise, and badminton exercise. The HDL-C levels were compared using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The multivariate linear regression models were used to determine the associations between HDL and exercise. Comparing the other two groups to the no-exercise group, the individuals who were engaged in aerobic and badminton exercise were significantly associated with a higher HDL-C (&#946; =1.3154; p &lt;0.0001 and &#946; = 6.5954; p = 0.0027, respectively). Aerobic exercise and badminton were also associated with higher HDL-C levels among carriers of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) rs328 genotypes. Aerobic exercise and regular badminton were associated with higher levels of HDL-C, with the badminton group being more significant

A Matched Influenza Vaccine Strain Was Effective in Reducing the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Persons: A Population-Based Study

The aim of this study was to explore whether matched or mismatched strains of influenza vaccines (IVs) are beneficial at reducing the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in elderly persons.Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Health Database 2005 (LHID 2005) which is maintained by the National Health Insurance Research Institute in Taiwan. The analytical data included individuals who were vaccinated with mismatched vaccines during the October 2007 to December 2007 season and individuals vaccinated with matched strains during the October 2008 to December 2008 season. All participants were 65 years of age and older. In this analysis, individuals were considered to be exposed if their records showed that they were vaccinated against influenza, and they were considered to be nonexposed if they were not vaccinated during these seasons. A Cox hazard model was used to estimate AMI hazard ratio.This study enrolled 93,051 exposed and 109,007 unexposed individuals. The AMI hazards ratios (HRs) for the men and women exposed to mismatched vaccine (in 2007) were 0.990 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.745-1.316) and 1.102 (95% CI: 0.803-1.513), respectively. Men exposed to matched vaccines (in 2008) had significant HRs (HR: 0.681; 95% CI: 0.509-0.912) while the HRs in the women were barely significant (HR: 0.737; 95% CI: 0.527-1.029).AMI risk could be particularly reduced in men if the IV matches well with the circulating strains in elderly people 65 years of age and older

The Impact of Aerobic Exercise and Badminton on HDL Cholesterol Levels in Taiwanese Adults

Elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). An active lifestyle is necessary to improve HDL-C, including (but not limited to) physical exercise. Research on the association between badminton, an intermittent exercise, and HDL-C is limited. We investigated the impact of aerobic exercise and badminton on HDL-C levels in Taiwanese adults. The sociodemographic data of 7543 participants, comprising 3472 men and 4071 women aged between 30 and 70 years, were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank. The participants were grouped into three exercise categories&mdash;no exercise, aerobic exercise, and badminton exercise. The HDL-C levels were compared using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine the associations between HDL and exercise. Comparing the other two groups to the no-exercise group, the individuals who were engaged in aerobic and badminton exercise were significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels (&beta; = 1.4077; p &lt; 0.0001 and &beta; = 5.6052; p = 0.0079, respectively). Aerobic exercise and badminton were also associated with higher HDL-C levels among carriers of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) rs328 genotypes. Aerobic exercise and regular badminton were associated with higher levels of HDL-C, with the badminton group being more significant