14 research outputs found

    Global alterations to the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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    © 2020 The Author(s). The choroid plexus (CP) is a highly vascularized structure located in the ventricles that forms the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) and separates the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to its role as a physical barrier, the CP functions in CSF secretion, transport of nutrients into the central nervous system (CNS) and a gated point of entry of circulating immune cells into the CNS. Aging and neurodegeneration have been reported to affect CP morphology and function and increase protein leakage from blood to the CSF. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with both upper and lower motor neuron loss, as well as altered proteomic and metabolomic signatures in the CSF. The role of the BCSFB and the CP in ALS is unknown. Here we describe a transcriptomic and ultrastructural analysis of BCSFB and CP alterations in human postmortem tissues from ALS and non-neurologic disease controls. ALS-CP exhibited widespread disruptions in tight junctional components of the CP epithelial layer and vascular integrity. In addition, we detected loss of pericytes around ALS blood vessels, accompanied by activation of platelet aggregation markers vWF and Fibrinogen, reminiscent of vascular injury. To investigate the immune component of ALS-CP, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of cytokines and chemokine panels in CP lysates and found a significant down-regulation of M-CSF and V-CAM1 in ALS, as well as up-regulation of VEGF-A protein. This phenotype was accompanied by an infiltration of MERTK positive macrophages into the parenchyma of the ALS-CP when compared to controls. Taken together, we demonstrate widespread structural and functional disruptions of the BCSFB in human ALS increasing our understanding of the disease pathology and identifying potential new targets for ALS therapeutic development

    Strategies for the Last Painting

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    Strategies for the Next Painting

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    David Craven : The E.L. Stringer Collection

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    Ostrow focuses on the changing format of Craven's paintings, drawings and constructions produced between 1974 and 1982. Biographical notes. 43 bibl. ref

    MSSR. B's Curio Shop

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    Wish You Were Beautiful Catalogue

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    Wish You Were Beautiful Catalogue with Essay by Saul Ostrow, ISBN 1 900687 01

    The Painted Photographs of Melvin Charney : Between Observation and Intervention

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    Robert Youds : Beautiful Beautiful Artificial Field

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    International Gallery Invitational NY/88

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    The catalogue of this annual art fair includes documentation on special events, such as seminars, an exhibition ("The Four Corners of Abstract Painting 1988" curated by Bill Arning/White Columns) and video presentations, as well as on exhibitors (galleries, magazines and non-profit organizations)
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