The relationship between sleep duration and mood in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Insufficient sleep has been argued to result in deleterious changes to mood in adolescents and offers promise as a modifiable risk factor. A systematic review of the literature regarding sleep duration and mood in adolescents was conducted using the academic databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE to identify relevant literature. Seventy-four studies, including 361,505 adolescents were sourced out of the 1534 references identified, 73 of which were appropriate for meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that less sleep was associated with a 55% increase in the likelihood of mood deficits. Positive mood showed the largest relationship with sleep duration, followed by anger, depression, negative affect and anxiety. Effect sizes also varied according to study design, how sleep was operationalised, and geographical region, but not according to the inclusion of covariates. Sleep duration has a significant negative impact on a range of mood states in healthy adolescents. These effects were witnessed across all geographical regions, highlighting that sleep is a universal and modifiable risk factor for preventing mood deficits in this at-risk population

Impact of teamwork and communication training interventions on safety culture and patient safety in emergency departments: a systematic review

© 2020 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Journal of Patient Safety, available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000782.Objectives: To narratively summaries literature reporting on the effect of teamwork and communication training interventions on culture and patient safety in emergency department (ED) settings. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Psych Info CINAHL, Cochrane, Science Citation Inc, Web of Science, and Educational Resources Information Centre for peer-reviewed journal articles published from January 1, 1988, until June 8, 2018 that assessed teamwork and communication interventions focusing on how they influence patient safety in the ED were selected. One additional search update was performed in July 2019. Results: Sixteen studies were included from 8,700 screened publications. The studies’ design, interventions, and evaluation methods varied widely. The most impactful ED training interventions were End-of-Course Critique, TeamSTEPPS, and crisis resource management (CRM)-based training. CRM and TeamSTEPPS CRM-based training curriculum were used in most of the studies. Multiple tools, including the Kirkpatrick (KP) evaluation model, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Communication and Teamwork Skills Assessment were used to assess the impact of such interventions. Improvements in one of the domains of safety culture and related domains were found in all studies. Four empirical studies established improvements in patient health outcomes that occurred following simulation CRM training (KP4), but there was no effect on mortality. Conclusion: Overall, teamwork and communication training interventions improve the safety culture in ED settings and may positively affect patient outcome. The implementation of safety culture programs may be considered to reduce incidence of medical errors and adverse events.Peer reviewe