Heterogenic expression of genes encoding secreted proteins at the periphery of Aspergillus niger colonies

P>Colonization of a substrate by fungi starts with the invasion of exploring hyphae. These hyphae secrete enzymes that degrade the organic material into small molecules that can be taken up by the fungus to serve as nutrients. We previously showed that only part of the exploring hyphae of Aspergillus niger highly express the glucoamylase gene glaA. This was an unexpected finding since all exploring hyphae are exposed to the same environmental conditions. Using GFP as a reporter, we here demonstrate that the acid amylase gene aamA, the alpha-glucuronidase gene aguA, and the feruloyl esterase gene faeA of A. niger are also subject to heterogenic expression within the exploring mycelium. Coexpression studies using GFP and dTomato as reporters showed that hyphae that highly express one of these genes also highly express the other genes encoding secreted proteins. Moreover, these hyphae also highly express the amylolytic regulatory gene amyR, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene gpdA. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the high expressers are characterized by a high 18S rRNA content. Taken together, it is concluded that two subpopulations of hyphae can be distinguished within the exploring mycelium of A. niger. The experimental data indicate that these subpopulations differ in their transcriptional and translational activity

Current State of Microorganisms Depositing Procedure in Collection Centers

Main forms of microorganisms depositing procedures in collection centers and normative and methodical documents that regulate them are considered in the paper. Discussed are some problems arising in the context of pathogenic microorganisms depositing in the Microbe State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria of the RARI Microbe, the practice of their solving, based on the documents in force and Draft Guidelines on the order and conditions of microorganisms depositing for the purpose of the national patent procedure developed by the Federal Institute for Industrial Property

PHOSPHAN Microplate Technology-Based Microarray For Detection of IgG Antibodies against West Nile, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses

Demonstrated was the possibility to use PHOSPHAN microplate technology to examine human sera and detect simultaneously specific IgG antibodies to three arboviruses, including the West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV), and Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Both sensitivity and specificity of microarray immunoassay approach were similar to those of ELISA tests (when serum specimens were investigated separately). Using the criterion of 2-fold or stronger reaction of the examined serum specimen with homologous antigen than with heterologous one, we succeeded in differentiation of group specific anti WNV and anti TBEV IgG antibodies in about 60% of cross reactive sera. From the economical standpoint, the PHOSPAN technology may have advantages as compared with currently used ELISAs due to miniaturization of immunoassay format and ability to multiplex

Current State of Collection Activity Relative to the Use of Infectious Agents of I-II Pathogenicity Groups

Subject of present survey is the regulatory background specifying collection activity relative to the use of infectious agents of I-II pathogenicity group. Revised are the preferred activities which are to be realized by the leading collections of pathogenic microorganisms. Suggested are promising approaches for the improvement of the work of collection centers that are to be solved at the modern organizational, legal, technical and scientific-methodological level

Elaboration of the Algorithm of MLST-Typing of Pandemic and Pre-Pandemic <i>V. cholerae</i> El Tor strains

Molecular typing of pandemic and pre-pandemic cholera vibrio strains was carried out with the help of multi-locus sequence analysis. Application of two MLST schemes based on the sequence of virulence-associated and housekeeping genes demonstrated the last one to be the most effective in differentiation of strains, isolated before and during the seventh cholera pandemic

Heterogenic expression of genes encoding secreted proteins at the periphery of Aspergillus niger colonies

P>Colonization of a substrate by fungi starts with the invasion of exploring hyphae. These hyphae secrete enzymes that degrade the organic material into small molecules that can be taken up by the fungus to serve as nutrients. We previously showed that only part of the exploring hyphae of Aspergillus niger highly express the glucoamylase gene glaA. This was an unexpected finding since all exploring hyphae are exposed to the same environmental conditions. Using GFP as a reporter, we here demonstrate that the acid amylase gene aamA, the alpha-glucuronidase gene aguA, and the feruloyl esterase gene faeA of A. niger are also subject to heterogenic expression within the exploring mycelium. Coexpression studies using GFP and dTomato as reporters showed that hyphae that highly express one of these genes also highly express the other genes encoding secreted proteins. Moreover, these hyphae also highly express the amylolytic regulatory gene amyR, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene gpdA. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the high expressers are characterized by a high 18S rRNA content. Taken together, it is concluded that two subpopulations of hyphae can be distinguished within the exploring mycelium of A. niger. The experimental data indicate that these subpopulations differ in their transcriptional and translational activity

Heterogenic expression of genes encoding secreted proteins at the periphery of Aspergillus niger colonies

P>Colonization of a substrate by fungi starts with the invasion of exploring hyphae. These hyphae secrete enzymes that degrade the organic material into small molecules that can be taken up by the fungus to serve as nutrients. We previously showed that only part of the exploring hyphae of Aspergillus niger highly express the glucoamylase gene glaA. This was an unexpected finding since all exploring hyphae are exposed to the same environmental conditions. Using GFP as a reporter, we here demonstrate that the acid amylase gene aamA, the alpha-glucuronidase gene aguA, and the feruloyl esterase gene faeA of A. niger are also subject to heterogenic expression within the exploring mycelium. Coexpression studies using GFP and dTomato as reporters showed that hyphae that highly express one of these genes also highly express the other genes encoding secreted proteins. Moreover, these hyphae also highly express the amylolytic regulatory gene amyR, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene gpdA. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the high expressers are characterized by a high 18S rRNA content. Taken together, it is concluded that two subpopulations of hyphae can be distinguished within the exploring mycelium of A. niger. The experimental data indicate that these subpopulations differ in their transcriptional and translational activity