Risk Factors for the Development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Colombia 2008 A 2011

Objetivo Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de tuberculosis multidrogorresistente en pacientes de 18 años o más, afiliados a 3 Empresas Administradoras de Planes de Beneficios en Colombia, durante los años 2008 a 2011. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles emparejado, 1 a 4,45 casos y 180 controles, de pacientes de la base de datos del programa de tuberculosis de 3 Empresas Aseguradoras de Salud, evaluando variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y clínicas. Resultados La mediana de edad de los casos fue de 43 años y la de los controles de 39,5 años, en los casos predominó el sexo masculino con 73,3 %, mientras que en los controles fue mayor el sexo femenino con 51,1 %. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la tuberculosis multidrogorresistente y el sexo masculino (OR ajustado 4,47 IC 95 % [1,01; 19,75]), seguridad social (OR ajustado 57,6 IC 95 % [4,6; 712,8]) y tratamiento previo (OR ajustado 56,2 IC 95 % [10,03; 314,79]. Conclusiones Ser hombre y tener tratamiento previo para tuberculosis son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de multidrogorresistencia. Es necesario realizar más estudios con el sistema de salud colombiano para profundizar en los hallazgos con respecto al régimen subsidiado y el desarrollo de Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente.Objective Determining the risk factors associated with developing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in people aged over 18 years affiliated to 3 Colombian health insurance companies between 2008 and 2011. Methods The study involved a matched case-control design (1 case to 4 controls). Patients were identified from 3 health insurance companies’ tuberculosis program database; this gave 45 cases and 180 controls. Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables were evaluated. Results The median age for cases was 43 years (39.5 years for controls); males predominated in cases (73.3 %) while women predominated in controls (51.1 %). A statistically significant association was found between multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and being male (4.47 adjusted OR; 1.01-19.75 95 %CI), having subsidized social security cover (57.6 adjusted OR; 4.6-71.28 95 %CI) and having had prior treatment for tuberculosis (56.2 adjusted OR; 10.03-314.79 95 % CI]. Conclusions Prior treatment for tuberculosis and being male were risk factors for developing multidrug resistance. Further studies are needed with the Colombian health system to clarify the findings with respect to being affiliated to a subsidized health system and the development of multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente en Colombia, 2008 A 2011

Objective Determining the risk factors associated with developing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in people aged over 18 years affiliated to 3 Colombian health insurance companies between 2008 and 2011. Methods The study involved a matched case-control design (1 case to 4 controls). Patients were identified from 3 health insurance companies’ tuberculosis program database; this gave 45 cases and 180 controls. Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables were evaluated. Results The median age for cases was 43 years (39.5 years for controls); males predominated in cases (73.3 %) while women predominated in controls (51.1 %). A statistically significant association was found between multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and being male (4.47 adjusted OR; 1.01-19.75 95 %CI), having subsidized social security cover (57.6 adjusted OR; 4.6-71.28 95 %CI) and having had prior treatment for tuberculosis (56.2 adjusted OR; 10.03-314.79 95 % CI]. Conclusions Prior treatment for tuberculosis and being male were risk factors for developing multidrug resistance. Further studies are needed with the Colombian health system to clarify the findings with respect to being affiliated to a subsidized health system and the development of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. © 2016, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Enabling planetary science across light-years. Ariel Definition Study Report

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente en Colombia, 2008 A 2011

Objective Determining the risk factors associated with developing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in people aged over 18 years affiliated to 3 Colombian health insurance companies between 2008 and 2011. Methods The study involved a matched case-control design (1 case to 4 controls). Patients were identified from 3 health insurance companies’ tuberculosis program database; this gave 45 cases and 180 controls. Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables were evaluated. Results The median age for cases was 43 years (39.5 years for controls); males predominated in cases (73.3 %) while women predominated in controls (51.1 %). A statistically significant association was found between multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and being male (4.47 adjusted OR; 1.01-19.75 95 %CI), having subsidized social security cover (57.6 adjusted OR; 4.6-71.28 95 %CI) and having had prior treatment for tuberculosis (56.2 adjusted OR; 10.03-314.79 95 % CI]. Conclusions Prior treatment for tuberculosis and being male were risk factors for developing multidrug resistance. Further studies are needed with the Colombian health system to clarify the findings with respect to being affiliated to a subsidized health system and the development of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. © 2016, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved

Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years

Ariel Definition Study ReportAriel Definition Study Report, 147 pages. Reviewed by ESA Science Advisory Structure in November 2020. Original document available at: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/1783156/3267291/Ariel_RedBook_Nov2020.pdf/Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution