Project #91: Optimizing Vascular Access to Reduce CLABSI

Henry Ford Macomb Hospital experienced an increase in Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) in 2021. A significant portion were occurring in the MICU and were associated with Candida sp. Bloodstream infections negatively impact patient outcomes, provider workload, and are costly, with a median cost of $48,108 based on a meta-analysis conducted by AHRQ in 2017. By end of 2022, HFM aimed to reduce CLABSI incidence by 50%.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/qualityexpo2023/1004/thumbnail.jp

ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE AND HEAVY METAL RESIDUE IN TWO VARIETIES OF BEANS SEED FROM AGO – IWOYE MARKET, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) are one of the staple foods in Nigeria, in order to ensure food safety, foreign matter, and contaminants need to be monitored to be within the acceptable safe limit. Two varieties that are mostly consumed- Honey beans (Oloyin) and Brown beans (Olotu) were obtained from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun state, southwest Nigeria. Heavy metals and Organochlorine pesticide analyses were carried out on them. The concentration of Pb and Cd ranged from BDL to 0.060 mg/kg and 0.010 to 0.040 mg/kg respectively, which is within the safe limit. However, it was observed that Fe content in Olotu beans was 0.278 mg/kg which is higher than the acceptable safe limit. Organochlorine Pesticides residue indicates the presence of Endrin Ketone with 15.740 mg/kg and 19.820 mg/kg and o,p ‘-DDT  range of BDL – 0.030 mg/kg for both beans respectively

ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICALS IN WATER AROUND HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceuticals through sewage, on-land and water-ways could contribute to water contamination in and around the hospital environment. This study determined the levels of Paracetamol, Metronidazole, Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in groundwater from three selected hospitals and their environs in Ogun State, Nigeria. Physicochemical properties were determined using standard analytical procedures while, solid phase extraction was employed for pre-concentration of the samples and quantification of the selected pharmaceuticals were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Ultraviolet (UV) detector. The result of physicochemical properties are as follows: pH ≤ 7.58, electrical conductivities ≤ 1720.05 µs/cm, total dissolved solids ≤ 808.40 mg/L, salinities ≤ 0.86 mg/L, chloride levels ≤ 509.43 mg/L and total hardness ≤ 8.50 mg/L. The pharmaceutical concentrations in the water samples (mg/L) are; Paracetamol ≤ 2.610, Metronidazole ≤ 0.331, Sulfamethoxazole ≤ 0.007 and Trimethoprim ≤ 0.058. The physicochemical properties of some of the samples did not conform to the permissible limits for potable water. Furthermore, though trace concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were found to be present, but level of some were higher than the WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Therefore, cautions needs to be taken in long-term consumption of these water as it could lead to drug resistance and other health-related adverse condition

Magnesium Adsorption in Selected Cocoa Growing Soils Within Southwestern Nigeria

Magnesium is one of the vital nutrients required by Theobroma cacao L. for optimum growth and yield. Several authors have reported the deficiency of magnesium in Nigerian cocoa plantations and ended up recommending the application of magnesium fertilizer based on agronomic soil test. Application of fertilizer without considering the potential of each soil to retain certain proportion of the applied fertilizer will lead to reduced available Mg in the soil solution. The study was carried out to evaluate the sorption capacity of selected cocoa growing soils in southwestern Nigeria. Soil samples were equilibrated with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg Mg L-1. Result showed that, Freundlich equation best described the adsorption of magnesium onto the soil surfaces. Adsorption of magnesium was highest in Owena soil. Hence, more magnesium fertilizer will be required by Owena soil compared with Ekiti, Ibadan, Ile-Ife and Bodo soils to produce equal amount of available magnesium ions in soil the solution

Proteomic exosome evaluation in patients with sepsis and septic shock compared to healthy controls

Learning Objectives: Sepsis is the body\u27s response to infectious agents. The understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to multi-organ dysfunction and death in up to 45% of septic patients is limited. Membrane nano-sized vesicles (exosomes) are important carriers of intracellular information containing mRNA and proteins. This exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction and to-date have not sufficiently evaluated. We hypothesize that plasma exosome proteomic profiles of septic patients differ from healthy controls. Methods: Pilot exploratory evaluation of plasma exosome proteomic profiles for 2 female septic patients, 2 female and one male healthy control. Plasma exosomes were isolated using Invitrogen Total Exosome Isolation Kit. Exosome proteomic profiles were analyzed using standard preparation with reversed phase chromatography, ionization and fusion mass spectroscopy followed by data analysis using Proteome Discoverer. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation, heat map (HMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) along with linear modeling using the limma package from Bioconductor (V3.34.0). Results: Mass spectroscopy quantified 313 proteins. Using results of HMA and PCA we were able to conclude that the exosome proteomic profiles of septic patients were similar to each other and that these profiles were similar in healthy controls. Linear modeling identified 60 differently expressed proteins in septic patients (p-value ≤0.05). After adjusting for multiple comparison using False-Discovery-Rate methods, 7 proteins remained significantly different (q value ≤0.1). These proteins are serum amyloid A-2 (AA2), coagulation factor 8 (FA8), immunoglobulin heavy constant Δ (IGHD), immunoglobulin κ variable 1-8 (KV108), von Willebrand factor (VWF), serum amyloid A-4 (SAA4), and cytoplasmatic Actin1 (ACTB). KV108 and ACTB are more abundant in healthy controls while the other 5 proteins in septic patients. Conclusions: Plasma proteomic exosome profiles from septic patients differ from healthy controls. Future research should address how exosomes contribute to the pathogenesis of multi-organ dysfunction in sepsis