The relatıon of lodge-human-belief through the Sarı Saltuk-Blagaj Alperenler Tekija

Sarı Saltuk, efsanevi kişiliğiyle bir halk kahramanı, bir Hak dostudur. Uçsuz bucaksız coğrafyalarda, gönüllere ulaşan yollarda yürümüş bir Alp-Erendir. Mostar’da bulunan Blagay Alperenler Tekkesi de onun destânî karakterine çok yakışan yolculuk menzillerinden biridir. İnsanların bir araya gelmesi, bir arada ibadet, dua, zikir yapabilmesi için kurulan tekkeler, doğası gereği her zaman insanlar için bir cazibe merkezi olmuştur. Kurucusu olan ya da içerisinde medfun bulunan zatlara duyulan hürmet ve muhabbet tekkeler etrafında gelişen inanç anlayışlarını günümüzde de beslemeye devam etmektedir. İnsanoğlunun inanmaya ihtiyacı vardır. Yaşadığı dünyanın devasa problemleriyle baş edebilmek için kendi gücünden daha büyük bir güce, Yaratanın sonsuz, sınırsız gücüne ihtiyacı vardır. Bu gücü en yoğun biçimde hissettiği mekanlar da tarih boyunca tekkeler olmuştur. İnsan-inanç ilişkisi günümüzde de tekkeler etrafında gelişimini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Çalışma; Sarı Saltuk ve Blagay Tekkesi’ni tanıtmayı, buradan hareketle tekkeler etrafında gelişen inanç algısını fark etmeyi, tekke-insan-inanç ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada literatür taranmış, Blagay Tekkesi’nde alan incelemesi yapılmış, kaynak kişilerle görüşülmüş, bulgular değerlendirilerek tekke-insan-inanç ilişkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır

CENTRI ZA NADZOR I UPRAVLJANJE SAOBRAĆAJEM KAO SAVREMENI SEGMENTI U SMANJENJU SAOBRAĆAJNE DELINKVENCIJE I KRIMINALITETA U GRADOVIMA / CENTERS FOR TRAFIC MONITORING AND CONTROL AS MODERN SEGMENTS IN REDUCING TRAFIC DELINQUENCY AND CRIME IN CITIES

Centri za nadzor i upravljanje saobraćajem u gradovima služe za lociranje incidentnih situacija kako u saobraćaju tako i na svim nadzornim lokacijama kao dijelovima opće sigurnosti u gradovima. U radu su prezentirani pojedini savremeni sistemi koji se koriste u nadziranju i kontroli kretanja vozila i pješaka u blizini i na saobraćajnicama u gradskim sredinama. Pokazane su strategije u sigurnosti saobraćaja koje su u korelaciji za centrima za upravljanje i nadziranje. U radu je predstavljena slika evropskih gradova koji su kroz ovakav način značajno smanjili saobraćajnu delinkvenciju i opći kriminalitet u gradovima.--------------Control centers and traffic management in cities are used to locate incidental situations both in traffic and at all monitoring locations as part of general security in the cities. The paper presents some modern systems used in monitoring and controlling the movement of vehicles and pedestrians in the vicinity and on the roads in urban areas. There are shown different strategies in traffic safety that are correlated to the centers for management and monitoring. The paper presents a image of European cities that are through this method significantly minimize the traffic delinquency and general criminality in the cities

Bayburt and its Surroundings from 2nd Century BC Until the Beginning of 10th Cen-tury in the Light of Surface Surveys

Bayburt, one of the most important cities of Northeastern Anatolia, has been at the centre of the clash of powers since the late Hellenistic period. The city, which was an important part of the defence of the eastern front of the empire, was strategically very important for the Roman and Iranian wars. In this study, military and political developments in Bayburt and its surroundings from the Late Hellenistic period until the end of the Roman Empire will be discussed in the light of written and archaeological data

Pathological Changes of Urinary System in a Dog with Urolithiasis and Renal Papillary Necrosis

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the important lower urinary tract diseases in dogs. Uroliths develop when urine becomes "supersaturated”. Struvite urolithiasis in dogs is formed when urine saturated with magnesium, ammonium and phosphate. Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla. The aim of this case is the evaluation of histopathological changes in kidney and urinary bladder caused by urolithiasis with sitruvite, a pathology commonly seen in dogs. Renal papillary necrosis that encountered in the case was evaluated histopathologically. We intend to discuss the relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis.Case: The material of the case was a 7.5 year-old Rottweiler female dog that had been operated for the urolithiasis treatment and died after surgery. The animal sent to pathology department was necropsied and evaluated histopathologically. Also the uroliths removed during the surgery were sent for analysis postoperatively. Qualitative composition of uroliths was determined by a series of chemical analyses in Department of Biochemistry. X-ray diffraction was performed as well in General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration in the objective of result verification.  Macroscopically, 30 pieces uroliths with varying size from 1 mm to 3 cm were seen in urinary bladder. They were 110 g in weight with smooth surface and round and/or ovoid shapes.  After necropsy, specimens from kidney and urinary bladder were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).  Bladder wall thickening and hemorrhage on mucosa were noticed. Kidneys had roughened surface with the capsule being difficult to peel off. Also, renal papillary necrosis, reddish in color was observed in papilla of the right kidney. Microscopically, crystal formations were observed proximal tubule lumens of kidneys. Interstitial nephritis in cortex and medulla had been noticed in both kidneys. Interstitial nephritis has been noticed in both kidneys. Hemorrhagic necrotic area demarcated by connective tissue was encountered in medulla of the right kidney. In the lamina propria of urinary bladder hemorrhage were noted. Desquamation and degeneration of lamina epithelialis and wide hemorrhage area in lamina propria were noted in urinary bladder. Results obtained from biochemical analysis were verified with x-ray diffraction method, uroliths were determined as magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite).Discussion: Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla, caused by ischemia of the inner medulla of the kidney. According to the first report of renal papillary necrosis, symmetrical soft calyceal concretions and their appearances are typical lesions for diagnosis of renal papillary necrosis. The presence of crystals in the tubule lumen and the formation of struvite stone (which has the same chemical composition with calyceal concretions) established a distinct relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis. This case showed that struvite stones can reach large volumes in urinary bladder, and caused bladder wall thickness and hemorrhages. Also, the lower urinary tract obstruction or urolithiasis should be remembered in the renal papillary necrosis together with the risk of hydronephrosis.                

Subintimal angioplasty and stenting in chronic total femoropopliteal artery occlusions: Early- and mid-term outcomes

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the initial and mid-term patency rates of chronic total femoropopliteal artery (FPA) occlusions treated by subintimal angioplasty (SIA) and stenting. Methods: From March 2010 to February 2013, 74 patients were included in the study. Seventy two patients with total occlusion of the FPA and good distal runoff (2 or 3 patent vessels) were treated with percutaneous SIA and stenting. All patients had severe claudication or critical limb ischemia. In all cases, the procedure was performed with a contralateral approach. Follow-up was done at 6 months with clinical evaluation and color-Doppler. If it was necessary, peripheric angiography was performed. Results: Immediate technical success was achieved in 72 (97%) patients. Two (3%) distal embolizations, 2 (3%) groin hematomas, 1 (1%) femoral pseudoaneurysm and 1 (1%) rupture of the junction-external iliac-superficial femoral artery occurred. All of the complications were treated successfully. Total occlusion in 1 patient and critical occlusion in 3 patients were showed at the 6th month. Patency rate at the sixth month was 94% with a stent length of 13.4 ± 8.2 cm. Conclusions: Percutaneous SIA and stenting for chronic total of the FPA occlusion showed good initial and mid-term patency rates, with few periprocedural complications

Subintimal angioplasty and stenting in chronic total femoropopliteal artery occlusions: Early- and mid-term outcomes

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the initial and mid-term patency rates of chronic total femoropopliteal artery (FPA) occlusions treated by subintimal angioplasty (SIA) and stenting. Methods: From March 2010 to February 2013, 74 patients were included in the study. Seventy two patients with total occlusion of the FPA and good distal runoff (2 or 3 patent vessels) were treated with percutaneous SIA and stenting. All patients had severe claudication or critical limb ischemia. In all cases, the procedure was performed with a contralateral approach. Follow-up was done at 6 months with clinical evaluation and color-Doppler. If it was necessary, peripheric angiography was performed. Results: Immediate technical success was achieved in 72 (97%) patients. Two (3%) distal embolizations, 2 (3%) groin hematomas, 1 (1%) femoral pseudoaneurysm and 1 (1%) rupture of the junction-external iliac-superficial femoral artery occurred. All of the complications were treated successfully. Total occlusion in 1 patient and critical occlusion in 3 patients were showed at the 6th month. Patency rate at the sixth month was 94% with a stent length of 13.4 ± 8.2 cm. Conclusions: Percutaneous SIA and stenting for chronic total of the FPA occlusion showed good initial and mid-term patency rates, with few periprocedural complications

An Experimental Study of Reduced-Voltage Operation in Modern FPGAs for Neural Network Acceleration

We empirically evaluate an undervolting technique, i.e., underscaling the circuit supply voltage below the nominal level, to improve the power-efficiency of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) accelerators mapped to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Undervolting below a safe voltage level can lead to timing faults due to excessive circuit latency increase. We evaluate the reliability-power trade-off for such accelerators. Specifically, we experimentally study the reduced-voltage operation of multiple components of real FPGAs, characterize the corresponding reliability behavior of CNN accelerators, propose techniques to minimize the drawbacks of reduced-voltage operation, and combine undervolting with architectural CNN optimization techniques, i.e., quantization and pruning. We investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the reliability-power trade-off of such accelerators. We perform experiments on three identical samples of modern Xilinx ZCU102 FPGA platforms with five state-of-the-art image classification CNN benchmarks. This approach allows us to study the effects of our undervolting technique for both software and hardware variability. We achieve more than 3X power-efficiency (GOPs/W) gain via undervolting. 2.6X of this gain is the result of eliminating the voltage guardband region, i.e., the safe voltage region below the nominal level that is set by FPGA vendor to ensure correct functionality in worst-case environmental and circuit conditions. 43% of the power-efficiency gain is due to further undervolting below the guardband, which comes at the cost of accuracy loss in the CNN accelerator. We evaluate an effective frequency underscaling technique that prevents this accuracy loss, and find that it reduces the power-efficiency gain from 43% to 25%.Comment: To appear at the DSN 2020 conferenc

MoRS: An approximate fault modelling framework for reduced-voltage SRAMs

On-chip memory (usually based on Static RAMs-SRAMs) are crucial components for various computing devices including heterogeneous devices, e.g, GPUs, FPGAs, ASICs to achieve high performance. Modern workloads such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) running on these heterogeneous fabrics are highly dependent on the on-chip memory architecture for efficient acceleration. Hence, improving the energy-efficiency of such memories directly leads to an efficient system. One of the common methods to save energy is undervolting i.e., supply voltage underscaling below the nominal level. Such systems can be safely undervolted without incurring faults down to a certain voltage limit. This safe range is also called voltage guardband. However, reducing voltage below the guardband level without decreasing frequency causes timing-based faults. In this paper, we propose MoRS, a framework that generates the first approximate undervolting fault model using real faults extracted from experimental undervolting studies on SRAMs to build the model. We inject the faults generated by MoRS into the on-chip memory of the DNN accelerator to evaluate the resilience of the system under the test. MoRS has the advantage of simplicity without any need for high-time overhead experiments while being accurate enough in comparison to a fully randomly-generated fault injection approach. We evaluate our experiment in popular DNN workloads by mapping weights to SRAMs and measure the accuracy difference between the output of the MoRS and the real data. Our results show that the maximum difference between real fault data and the output fault model of MoRS is 6.21%, whereas the maximum difference between real data and random fault injection model is 23.2%. In terms of average proximity to the real data, the output of MoRS outperforms the random fault injection approach by 3.21x.This work is partially funded by Open Transprecision Computing (OPRECOM) project, Summer of Code 2020.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

MoRS: An approximate fault modelling framework for reduced-voltage SRAMs

On-chip memory (usually based on Static RAMs-SRAMs) are crucial components for various computing devices including heterogeneous devices, e.g, GPUs, FPGAs, ASICs to achieve high performance. Modern workloads such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) running on these heterogeneous fabrics are highly dependent on the on-chip memory architecture for efficient acceleration. Hence, improving the energy-efficiency of such memories directly leads to an efficient system. One of the common methods to save energy is undervolting i.e., supply voltage underscaling below the nominal level. Such systems can be safely undervolted without incurring faults down to a certain voltage limit. This safe range is also called voltage guardband. However, reducing voltage below the guardband level without decreasing frequency causes timing-based faults. In this paper, we propose MoRS, a framework that generates the first approximate undervolting fault model using real faults extracted from experimental undervolting studies on SRAMs to build the model. We inject the faults generated by MoRS into the on-chip memory of the DNN accelerator to evaluate the resilience of the system under the test. MoRS has the advantage of simplicity without any need for high-time overhead experiments while being accurate enough in comparison to a fully randomly-generated fault injection approach. We evaluate our experiment in popular DNN workloads by mapping weights to SRAMs and measure the accuracy difference between the output of the MoRS and the real data. Our results show that the maximum difference between real fault data and the output fault model of MoRS is 6.21%, whereas the maximum difference between real data and random fault injection model is 23.2%. In terms of average proximity to the real data, the output of MoRS outperforms the random fault injection approach by 3.21x.This work is partially funded by Open Transprecision Computing (OPRECOM) project, Summer of Code 2020.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Piracetam in Therapy of Vertigo

Piracetam (Oikamid®) je višestruko primjenljiv lijek čija upotreba traje više od 25 godina. U radu su opisana obilježja piracetama (Oikamid®) kao lijeka i vrtoglavice kao simptoma koji se liječi. Istaknuti su rezultati nekoliko studija o mogućnostima primjene i korisnosti piracetama (Oikamid®) u terapiji vrtoglavice.Piracetam (Oikamid®) is manysided applicable drug and it has been used more then 25 years. In this paper, we have presented characteristics of piracetam (Oikamid®) as a drug and vertigo as a symptom. We have pointed out results of few studies about possisibilities of usage and benefits of piracetam (Oikamid®) in therapy of vertigo