Polymeric separation materials in energy storage systems for e-mobility

Magazyny energii są zbudowane z pojedynczych ogniw, w których oprócz katody, anody i elektrolitu znajduje się polimerowy materiał separacyjny. To właśnie cechy separatora decydują m.in. o cykliczności pracy i o pojemności ogniwa oraz technologii produkcji akumulatora. Przedstawiono przegląd materiałów separacyjnych stosowanych w magazynach energii wykorzystywanych w e-mobilności. Omówiono separatory używane w akumulatorach kwasowych, niklowo-wodorkowych oraz najpopularniejszych obecnie litowo-jonowych. Opisano również nowe rozwiązania technologiczne w dziedzinie materiałów separacyjnych do chemicznych źródeł prądu.Energy storage systems are built of a number of cells containing cathode, anode, electrolyte, and a separating element made of polymer. The features of the separator determine the cyclic character of the system’s work, the cell capacity and the technology of battery production. The paper presents a review of materials used in the production of separators for energy storage systems for e-mobility. The separators currently applied in acidic batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and most popular lithium--ionic batteries are described. Moreover, new technological solutions in the area of separators used in chemical sources of current are discussed

Materials and mechanisms of electrochemical processes in lithium-sulfur cell

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells are now attracting a lot of attention among battery scientists and engineers due to their potential for replace current Li-ion technologies as ta main energy storage chemistry. It is well known that Li-S cells operate according to a significantly different mechanisms as compared to Li-ion chemistries. In particular, upon discharge the sulfur species undergo a set of complex electrochemical transitions starting from elemental sulfur down to Li2S. In order to design a viable Li-S battery, it is of decisive importance to fully understand this complex electrochemistry that needs aprotic solvents to function. This article is concise a review of mechanisms and materials involved in state-of-the-art Li-S cells. Electrochemical processes have been described according to the latest state of research, as well as main types of cathode, anode and electrolyte materials and chemicals. Also, main scientific and technological challenges and obstacle in designing commercially viable Li-S batteries have been pointed out

The influence of the small platinum clusters on hydrogen sorption properties

Hydrogen sorption abilities of Pt-B2O3/Al2O3 systems with different molar ratio of oxides obtained by sol-gel method were examined. Platinum was introduced by surface impregnation. Main goal of the research was to check an influence of metallic component (platinum) on sorption properties of B2O3/Al2O3 binary oxides. The oxide systems were characterized using XRD and TEM. Hydrogen adsorption was tested in the volumetric system and TPD measurements were taken. Results show that the amount of adsorbed hydrogen depends not only on the amount of platinum in the system but also on the type of oxide support and mainly on the content of boria