Analysis hysteresis clutch technical characteristics of the shut-off valves electrical drive system

The results of calculations of the hysteresis clutches of various designs for use in electric shut-off valves of the pipeline. The possibility of using the clutch with an axial air gap for a wide range of electric power

Репродуктивной стратегия некоторых редкие и краснокнижные виды Juno tratt. (IRIS) зеравшанского хребта

Показано, что J. magnifica - мощное растение, несущее до 14 листьев и 10 цветков, является наименее эволюционно продвинутым среди всех видов Juno. Данный факт хорошо коррелирует с его обитанием только в наиболее влажных условиях Узбекистана и установленной нами недостаточной лабильностью репродуктивной стратегии. J. warleyensis - малоцветковый вид, большинство растений которого образуют только один плод - из верхнего цветка, играющий основное значение в семенной продуктивности растения в целом. Элементы семенной продуктивности - ПСП, РСП и КСП - верхнего цветка корреляционно связаны с шириной нижнего листа.It is shown that J. magnifica - a powerful plant, carrying up to 14 leaves and 10 flowers, is the least evolutionarily advanced among all kinds of Juno. This fact correlates well with its dwelling only in the most humid conditions of Uzbekistan and the insufficient lability of reproductive strategy established by us. J. warleyensis is a little-flowered species, most of whose plants form only one fruit - from the upper flower, which plays a fundamental role in the seed productivity of the plant as a whole. Elements of seed production - PSP, RSP and CSP - upper flower are correlated with the width of the bottom sheet

Обработка жаропрочных сплавов

Чтобы эффективно выполнять требуемые задачи и оставаться в конкурентном мире, современная промышленность оснащена сложным оборудованием. В настоящее время возрастает потребность в надежных материалах для эффективного достижения поставленной цели. Это способствует появлению материалов, которые обладают большей надежностью, долговечностью, чтобы соответствовать потребностям производства. В статье рассмотрено развитие механической обработки жаропрочных сплавов в обрабатывающей промышленности.Modern industry is equipped with sophisticated equipment to efficiently perform the required tasks, and the machines must be functional to remain in a competitive world. Currently, there is an increasing need for reliable materials to effectively achieve this goal. This contributes to the appearance of materials that have greater reliability, durability, to meet the needs of production. The article considers the development of mechanical processing of heat-resistant alloys in the manufacturing industry

Разработка алгоритма минимизации риска перехода в неблагоприятное состояние организма человека

Дипломная работа состоит из шести основных частей. Во введении говорится об актуальности этой работы и о целях, которые необходимо достичь. В основной части статьи описывается подход к построению интегрального индекса для многомерных данных. Рассмотрены алгоритмы решения задачи выбора оптимального управляющего воздействия. Среди рассмотренных алгоритмов-алгоритм имитации отжига, генетический алгоритм и алгоритм полного поиска. В заключение приводится таблица работы этих алгоритмов на реальных данных. Проведен сравнительный анализ этих алгоритмов.The diploma consists of six main parts. The introduction describes the relevance of this work and the goals to be achieved. The main part of the article describes an approach to the construction of an integral index for multidimensional data. The algorithms for solving the problem of choosing the optimal control action are considered. Among the considered algorithms-algorithm simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and full search algorithm. In conclusion, the table of these algorithms on real data is given. The comparative analysis of these algorithms is carried out

Charge transfer and heat in photocatalysis

Photocatalysis occurs very often in the life of ordinary people. Its simplest example is the photosynthesis of plants and algae. It is difficult to overestimate how important this photochemical reaction is because the possibilities of its application are ranging from water purification to the development of a cheap bombed energy source. This work is aimed at a more detailed investigation of the photocatalytic reaction. For this purpose, the present work presents the analysis of the latest and most important research in the field of plasmon-induced photocatalysis. As a model system, the authors mainly used molecules of the thiol group such as nitrobenzenethiol or nitrophenol adsorbed on plasmonic nanoparticles. To characterize the resulting systems, Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used. It is reported that the main mechanism for triggering photocatalytic reactions is the transition of hot charge carriers under the influence of light, which leads to a local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and a change in temperature by internal or external heating of the system. It should be noted that the main factor influencing the photocatalytic activity was not fully determined due to the numerous diverse opinions on the issue

Homo- and heterodinuclear luminescent helicates

The specific photophysical properties of the NIR-emissive lanthanide-based complexes attract much attention due to the potential applications in medical diagnostic and optoelectronics. On the other hand, luminescent helicates are in the focus of attention of supramolecular chemistry. In this thesis, the self-assembly principles are applied to prepare mono- and dinuclear lanthanide(III)-containing systems using 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives as building blocks. First, effective pathways for the synthesis of ligands possessing appropriate (bi-, tri-, tetradentate) chelating units were elaborated. Thus, 8-hydroxyquinolines bearing a semicarbazone or SAMP hydrazone group perform in a tetradentate manner; moreover the former tend to agglomeration during complex isolation in the solid state. In contrary, the imine, carboxamide, carboxylate, and imidate donor functions implemented in the 2-position of the quinoline core provide nine coordination at the metal center upon binding of three such strands in the complexation step. The Hiratani-double-Claisen rearrangement is proposed as a key synthetic transformation to extend the helicating motif over the longer ligand sequence. Moreover the applicability of a wide range of substrates to this protocol allows a combination of tridentate (for addressing f-elements) and bidentate (for the recognition of p-/d-block metals) binding compartments within a single segmental receptor. The coordination studies were performed towards the rare-earth(III) elements in order to establish the binding ability of novel quinolinate receptors. Monometallic model systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis in the solid phase and by NMR and ESI MS in solution. Tridentate units are found to be optimal providing tight ligand environment around the incorporated emitter which is especially valuable from the spectroscopic point of view. The photophysical properties of the monometallic compounds were determined in the solid state showing efficient sensitization of the NIR luminescence from Nd(III), Er(III), Yb(III) complexes of 2-amidoquinolinate ligands. The effect of bromination on the spectroscopic parameters (quantum yield and lifetime) was observed upon successive introduction of the halogen substituents on the ligand scaffold. Next, the symmetric and unsymmetric ditopic receptors were involved in the coordination investigations. The selective recognition of p-, d-, and f-elements by discrete binding domains of a single strand furnished homo- and heterodinuclear helicate-type compounds in which intramolecular intermetallic communication is remarkably facilitated and enabled to control by tuning the metal-metal separation. The speciation in solution was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI MS, and spectrophotometric titration. In parallel, the template effect was observed by means of X-ray diffraction analysis as the decisive factor governing self-organization processes which occur in solution. The homo- Yb/Yb and heterodinuclear Yb/Al helicates were employed to study energy transfer processes occurring between different complex fragments of one supramolecular edify connected by flexible isobutenylidene spacer. Thus, the intrinsic deactivation of the green emission of the chromophore of the Yb/Al probe followed by energy transfer to the emissive states of the lanthanide(III) compartment results in the significant improvement of the Yb-centered luminescence in the solid phase. Also the bis-amide bridged symmetrical ligands were involved in the coordination studies. In these systems the stereocontrol and rigidity are attained by altering the nature of the spacer between binding sites. In addition, low energy chromophores (N-containing heterocycles) were attached to the quinoline ligand in order to be further involved in the coordination of NIR emitting lanthanide(III) ions as suitable sensitizers of luminescence at longer wavelengths. The synthetic procedures for the preparation of tri- and tetratopic ligands predisposed for the insertion of several metal centers, particularly lanthanide(III) ions, in the elongated helicates were developed, thus offering excellent approach to the multifunctional luminescent probes. Finally, the applicability of the microwave technology to the construction of substituted quinolinol derivatives was demonstrated on the Combes, Conrad-Limpach, and Gould-Jacobs methods yielding 4-quinolones in a two-step one-pot reaction

Homo- and heterodinuclear luminescent helicates

The specific photophysical properties of the NIR-emissive lanthanide-based complexes attract much attention due to the potential applications in medical diagnostic and optoelectronics. On the other hand, luminescent helicates are in the focus of attention of supramolecular chemistry. In this thesis, the self-assembly principles are applied to prepare mono- and dinuclear lanthanide(III)-containing systems using 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives as building blocks. First, effective pathways for the synthesis of ligands possessing appropriate (bi-, tri-, tetradentate) chelating units were elaborated. Thus, 8-hydroxyquinolines bearing a semicarbazone or SAMP hydrazone group perform in a tetradentate manner; moreover the former tend to agglomeration during complex isolation in the solid state. In contrary, the imine, carboxamide, carboxylate, and imidate donor functions implemented in the 2-position of the quinoline core provide nine coordination at the metal center upon binding of three such strands in the complexation step. The Hiratani-double-Claisen rearrangement is proposed as a key synthetic transformation to extend the helicating motif over the longer ligand sequence. Moreover the applicability of a wide range of substrates to this protocol allows a combination of tridentate (for addressing f-elements) and bidentate (for the recognition of p-/d-block metals) binding compartments within a single segmental receptor. The coordination studies were performed towards the rare-earth(III) elements in order to establish the binding ability of novel quinolinate receptors. Monometallic model systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis in the solid phase and by NMR and ESI MS in solution. Tridentate units are found to be optimal providing tight ligand environment around the incorporated emitter which is especially valuable from the spectroscopic point of view. The photophysical properties of the monometallic compounds were determined in the solid state showing efficient sensitization of the NIR luminescence from Nd(III), Er(III), Yb(III) complexes of 2-amidoquinolinate ligands. The effect of bromination on the spectroscopic parameters (quantum yield and lifetime) was observed upon successive introduction of the halogen substituents on the ligand scaffold. Next, the symmetric and unsymmetric ditopic receptors were involved in the coordination investigations. The selective recognition of p-, d-, and f-elements by discrete binding domains of a single strand furnished homo- and heterodinuclear helicate-type compounds in which intramolecular intermetallic communication is remarkably facilitated and enabled to control by tuning the metal-metal separation. The speciation in solution was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI MS, and spectrophotometric titration. In parallel, the template effect was observed by means of X-ray diffraction analysis as the decisive factor governing self-organization processes which occur in solution. The homo- Yb/Yb and heterodinuclear Yb/Al helicates were employed to study energy transfer processes occurring between different complex fragments of one supramolecular edify connected by flexible isobutenylidene spacer. Thus, the intrinsic deactivation of the green emission of the chromophore of the Yb/Al probe followed by energy transfer to the emissive states of the lanthanide(III) compartment results in the significant improvement of the Yb-centered luminescence in the solid phase. Also the bis-amide bridged symmetrical ligands were involved in the coordination studies. In these systems the stereocontrol and rigidity are attained by altering the nature of the spacer between binding sites. In addition, low energy chromophores (N-containing heterocycles) were attached to the quinoline ligand in order to be further involved in the coordination of NIR emitting lanthanide(III) ions as suitable sensitizers of luminescence at longer wavelengths. The synthetic procedures for the preparation of tri- and tetratopic ligands predisposed for the insertion of several metal centers, particularly lanthanide(III) ions, in the elongated helicates were developed, thus offering excellent approach to the multifunctional luminescent probes. Finally, the applicability of the microwave technology to the construction of substituted quinolinol derivatives was demonstrated on the Combes, Conrad-Limpach, and Gould-Jacobs methods yielding 4-quinolones in a two-step one-pot reaction

Формирование и функционирование сельскохозяйственного рынка труда Чешской Республики

The article examines the labor market situation in agriculture of the Czech Republic, considers the system of definition of rural areas. The basic problems of the labor market in agriculture of the Czech Republic are determined.В статье рассматриваются ситуации, существующие на рынке труда в сельском хозяйстве Чешской Республики, исследуется система определения сельских районов страны. Определены основные проблемы рынка труда в сельском хозяйстве Чехии