Response of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to seed rate and inter-row spacing, Gezira State, Sudan

    Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) at the Gezira Research Station Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan under irrigation condition. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Treatments were arranged in a factorial combination of four inter-row spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) and five seed rates (59, 71, 83, 95 and 107 kg/ha). Data collected consisted of growth attributes, grain yield and yield components. Data collected were subjected to standard analysis of variance procedure. The results showed that seed rate, inter-row spacing and their interaction exhibited highly significant differences in grain yield and yield components. The highest grain yield was obtained by the seed rate of 95 kg/ha and 15 cm inter-row spacing in both seasons and the combined analysis. To obtain high grain yield of aerobic rice under Gezira conditions, 95 kg/ha seed rate and inter-row spacing of 15 cm is recommended to be used

The Load-Bearing System from the Perspective of Sustainable Building

The building sector has a great potential to achieve goals for sustainable development by promoting environmental quality, economic effectiveness, and social improvement. One aspect that can possibly be considered in this context is the design of the building structure. The purpose of this case study is to investigate how the choice of a load-bearing system of building can affect the amount of concrete and steel reinforcement used in the foundation and its impact on the economy and environment. An alternative structural system of an existing building is proposed. The load-bearing frame walls and spread concrete foundations under walls are replaced by load-bearing timber columns that are placed on separate concrete footing pads. The results show that the amount of concrete and steel in the proposed system have considerably been decreased compared to the reference building. Consequently, this results in minimizing the construction costs as well as the resulting emissions of carbon dioxide into the environment.   This case study reviews practical engineering design aspects that can be used by structural and construction engineers to help achieve sustainability goals of the built environment.   Received: 10 September 2023 | Revised: 23 February 2024 | Accepted: 8 March 2024   Conflicts of Interest  The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.   Data Availability Statement Data sharing not applicable – no new data generated

Synthesis of some new pyrazolylfuropyrimidinethiones and triazolofuropyrimidinethiones

Some novel pyrazolylfuropyrimidinethiones were synthesized from cyclocondensation of 4-hydrazino-5,6-diphenylfuro [2,3-d] pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (3) with different enaminones and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Whereas the furotriazolo-pyrimidinethiones were synthesized from reaction of compound 3 with benzoyl chloride, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and carbon disulphide. Furthermore, furotetrazolo-pyrimidinethione and ditetrazolofuro pyrimidine were synthesized

Study of fibromodulin gene expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

AbstractBackground and objectivesIt has become evident that fibromodulin and other members of the proteoglycan family are not only involved in collagen fibrillogenesis and cell adhesion but they also contribute to modulation of cytokine activity, suppression of tumor growth, and prevention of apoptosis. Fibromodulin has been characterized as one of the tumor associated antigens (TAA) in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with the potential to elicit specific antitumor response and it is considered as good candidate for immunotherapy.Aim of workto study the expression of fibromodulin at the gene level of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, in comparison to normal controls and to asses its role in the pathophysiology of CLL.Patients and methodsFibromodulin gene expression was tested by one step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 patients with B-CLL as well as in 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers.ResultsIn this study, fibromodulin gene was expressed in 46.7% of patients with B-CLL which was significantly different from the control age and sex matched healthy volunteers in which none of them showed peripheral blood mononuclear cells positivity for fibromodulin gene expression (0%) (p-value =0.006). We also found significant associations between higher fibomodulin gene expression and some risk factors in the studied CLL cases such as hepatomegaly, lower haemoglobin level, lower RBCs count, lower platelet count and borderline significant associations with other risk factors as lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.ConclusionOur results suggest that fibromodulin can be used as a target for therapeutic intervention and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of CLL

Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Cirrhotic Patients by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and its Relation to Hepatic Encephalopathy

The study aimed at Aim evaluation the cerebral hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and its relation to hepatic encephalopathy. This study is a prospective study , 50 subjects attended El Hussein university hospital, inpatient and outpatient clinic are classified into three groups, group I(10 subjects as a healthy control),group II (20 subjects with liver cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy) and group III(20 subjects with liver cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy). All patients included in the study underwent a full history taking,complete physical examination, liver functions tests,blood ammonia level,C.B.C,blood urea and serum creatinine and pelvi-abdominal ultarasonography. Transcranial Doppler done for all patients participated in the study using a 2 MHz transducer. The results showed that as regard Trans cranial Doppler ultrasound parameters, we found a statistical significant difference between the three groups as regard Pulsatility Index (P ˂ 0.001), Breath-Holding Index (P ˂ 0.001) ) , Maximum Flow Velocity(P ˂ 0.001) and Mean (P ˂ 0.001), whereas Pulsatility Index, , Maximum Flow Velocity and Mean are higher in patient with Hepatic Encephalopathy, but Breath-holding index is low, there is no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05) between them as regard Minimum Flow Velocity. Conclusion: Transcranial doppler ultrasonography is easy, rapidly done not invasive method for evaluation of cerebral hemodynamic in cirrhotic patient and predection of hepatic encephalopathy. Keywords: Transcranial doppler, Hepatic encephalopathy, Cirrhosis

Encryption Quality Analysis of the RCBC Block Cipher Compared with RC6 and RC5 Algorithms

In this paper, we investigate the encryption quality of the robust chaotic block cipher (RCBC) algorithm; which is based on chaotic map. In addition to visual inspection of images encryption testing, five analytical metrics are developed for analyzing the encryption quality. These metrics are used to evaluate several encrypted images factors include: maximum deviation, irregular deviation, information entropy, correlation coefficients, and avalanche effect. Comparison of the encryption quality for RCBC, RC6 and RC5 implantations to digital images are performed. In the experimental results, we have made our tests using color images Lena, Cman, and Peppers, each of size 512x512 pixels, as the original images (plain-images). Results show better quality of the RCBC